GOLF CLUB HEADS AND METHODS TO MANUFACTURE GOLF CLUB HEADS

CROSS REFERENCE

[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/715,274, filed Nov. 1, 2024.

[0002]The disclosure of the above-referenced application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

COPYRIGHT AUTHORIZATION

[0003]The present disclosure may be subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the present disclosure and its related documents, as they appear in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all applicable copyrights.

FIELD

[0004]The present disclosure generally relates to golf equipment, and more particularly, to golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads.

BACKGROUND

[0005]Various materials may be used to manufacture golf club heads. By using multiple materials to manufacture golf club heads, certain performance properties of a golf club head may be optimized.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]FIG. 1 depicts a golf club having a golf club head according to any embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0007]FIG. 2 depicts a front and top perspective view of a golf club head configured with a face insert according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0008]FIG. 3 depicts a front and bottom perspective view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0009]FIG. 4 depicts a front elevational view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0010]FIG. 5 depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4.

[0011]FIG. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 4.

[0012]FIG. 7 depicts an enlarged view of a portion of the golf club head containing the face insert and located in box 7 in FIG. 5.

[0013]FIG. 8 depicts an alternative example of the golf club head of FIG. 7 according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0014]FIGS. 9-16 depict a piecemeal construction of the face insert of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0015]FIG. 17 depicts the constructed face insert of FIGS. 9-16 being attached to the golf club head of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0016]FIG. 18 depicts an alternative example of the golf club head of FIG. 7 according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0017]FIG. 19 depicts an alternative example of the golf club head of FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0018]FIGS. 20-23 depict examples of face inserts having various face thickness profiles according to embodiments of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0019]FIGS. 24-30 depict examples of face inserts having various front strike surfaces according to embodiments of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0020]FIG. 31 depicts a manner in which the golf club head described herein may be manufactured according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein.

[0021]For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures may not be depicted to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

[0022]The following U.S. Patents and Patent Applications, which are collectively referred to herein as “the incorporated by reference patent documents,” are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety: U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,233,283; 9,387,375; 9,440,124; 9,649,540; 9,895,585; 10,478,680; 10,493,331; 10,576,339; 10,737,153; 10,821,341; 10,960,271; 10,981,038; 11,045,698; 11,298,597; 11,369,849; and 11,517,798; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20180200589 and 20220219054.

[0023]In general, golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0024]In the example of FIG. 1, a golf club 100 may include a golf club head 110, a shaft 120, a grip 130, and a hosel portion 140. The golf club head 110 may include any example golf club head described herein. The shaft 120 may have a tip end portion 121 and a butt end portion 122. The butt end portion 122 of the shaft 120 may be coupled to the grip 130 and the tip end portion 121 of the shaft 120 may be coupled to the hosel portion 140. In one example, the hosel portion 140 may be coupled to the golf club head 110 via a hosel bore of the golf club head 110. In another example, the hosel portion 140 may be integral to the golf club head 110. In yet another example, the shaft 120 may be directly coupled to the golf club head 110. The shaft 120 may include a metal material, a composite material, or any other suitable material or combination of materials. The grip 130 may include a rubber material, a polymer material, or any other suitable material or combination of materials. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0025]In the example of FIGS. 2-6, a golf club head 200 may include a body portion 210 having a toe portion 220, a heel portion 230, a hosel bore 235 located at the heel portion 230, a front portion 240, a face portion 245 located at the front portion 240, a rear portion 250, a top portion 260, an alignment aid 265 located at the top portion 260, and a sole portion 310. For simplicity, the body portion 210 is generally shown as a monolithic structure but may otherwise be configured with certain features from the incorporated by reference documents. Such features may include, but are not limited to, one or more weight ports and corresponding weight portions and/or a filler material housed within an interior cavity of the body portion 210. The body portion 210 may be manufactured via various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a casting process, a forging process, a milling process, a cutting process, a grinding process, a welding process, a combination thereof, etc.). The body portion 210 may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion 210 may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0026]In the example of FIGS. 2-6, the golf club head 200 may additionally include a cavity 510 located at the face portion 245 and defining a space extending into the body portion 210. The cavity 510 may be centrally located and may be configured with a variety of depths and volumes. In other examples, the cavity 510 may be configured to occupy a greater or lesser extent of the face portion 245. The cavity 510 may extend between the toe portion 220 and the heel portion 230 and between the top portion 260 and the sole portion 310. The cavity 510 may include a rear wall portion 511 recessed relative to a peripheral surface area 246 of the face portion 245, and a peripheral wall portion 512 adjoining the rear wall portion 511 and the peripheral surface area 246. The peripheral wall portion 512 may define an opening 513 of the cavity 510. While the opening 513 is generally shown having a rectangular shape with rounded corners, the opening 513 may be alternatively configured in a variety of shapes such as, but not limited to, an oval shape, a trapezoidal shape, a square shape, a triangle shape, a circular shape, a diamond shape, or other geometric or non-geometric shapes. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0027]In the example of FIGS. 2-6, the cavity 510 may be configured to receive a complementary face insert 280 that may define a front strike surface 281 for impacting a golf ball. In the illustrated example, the front strike surface 281 may generally correspond to a central surface area surrounded by the peripheral surface area 246 and may cooperate with the peripheral surface area 246 to define a front surface of the face portion 245. The face insert 280 may include a length 410 in a toe-to-heel direction of the golf club head 200, a height 420 in a sole-to-top direction of the golf club head 200, and a face thickness 610 in a front-to-rear direction of the golf club head 200. In the illustrated example, the length 410 may be greater than the height 420. In another example, the height 420 may be greater than the length 410. As shown, the face insert 280 may include the front strike surface 281, a rear surface 520 opposite to the front strike surface 281, and a peripheral surface 530 extending between the front strike surface 281 and the rear surface 520. In the illustrated example, the face insert 280 may be generally planar such that the face thickness 610 of the face insert 280 may be uniform or substantially uniform, thereby resulting in constant face thickness across 610 the face insert 280. Accordingly, while the example face insert 280 of FIGS. 2-6 is generally shown in a planar configuration having uniform length 410, height 420, and face thickness 610, it will be understood that the face insert 280 may be alternatively configured with a length 410, height 420, and/or face thickness 610 that may vary. Furthermore, it will be understood that the face insert 280 may be configured to extend any length and height across the face portion 245. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may be configured to define only a portion of the face portion 245 or a substantial entirety of the face portion 245. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0028]In the example of FIGS. 2-6, the face insert 280 may be a structure formed by a distribution of two or more materials having different material properties to improve certain performance characteristics of the golf club head 200. As described herein, the face insert 280 may be formed from a heterogeneous distribution of one or more inelastic materials and one or more elastic materials. In the illustrated example, the face insert 280 may include an inelastic material forming a framework 550 and an elastic material forming a matrix 560 coupled to the framework 550, which may take on any form. In the illustrated example, and described in greater detail below, the framework 550 may be configured to provide an increased surface area for engaging the matrix 560. In the illustrated example, the framework 550 may be formed from a metal or non-metal material, including any of the metal and non-metal materials described herein. In one example, the framework 550 may include a material that may have similar or different material properties than a material of the body portion 210. Additionally, or alternatively, the framework 550 may include a material having a density that is less than a density of the body portion 210 to enable discretionary mass to be allocated elsewhere on the golf club head 200. In yet another example, the framework 550 may include an aluminum or other lightweight material. In yet another example, the framework 550 may include a steel or other material exhibiting greater tensile strength. In yet another example, the framework 550 may include a material having a Young's modulus that is greater than or equal to 50 gigapascals (GPa) and less than or equal to 250 GPa. In the example of FIGS. 2-6, the matrix 560 may include a polymer material such as, but not limited to, a thermoset polyurethane or other thermoset elastomer, which may benefit from high elasticity and high abrasion resistance. In another example, the matrix 560 may include a material having a Young's modulus that is greater than or equal to 5 megapascals (MPa) and less than or equal to 20 MPa. In yet another example, the matrix 560 may include a material having a Young's modulus that is less than a Young's modulus of a material of the framework 550 by three or more orders of magnitude. In the illustrated example, the matrix 560 may be distributed to the framework 550 as a surrounding medium that occupies and integrates with the framework 550. Accordingly, the matrix 560 may partially or entirely encase the framework 550. In one example, the matrix 560 may encase a substantial portion of the framework 550 (e.g., the matrix 560 may encase more than 50% of a total volume of the framework 550). In assembly, the face insert 280 may be secured to the cavity 510 using adhesive (e.g., an epoxy), mechanical fasteners, frictional engagement, and/or any other fastening techniques or devices. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0029]By combining elastic and inelastic materials, the face insert 280 may provide a number of potential performance benefits, blending the strengths of both inelastic and elastic materials to optimize feel, control, and consistency, for example. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may be adapted to suit a variety of performance preferences. For exemplary purposes, certain performance considerations are outlined below with respect to energy transfer (e.g., ball speed), feel, forgiveness, spin and launch, and sound. It will be understood that the performance considerations serve merely as a general guide and are in no way dispositive. In terms of energy transfer, inelastic materials may generally increase energy transfer while elastic materials may generally reduce energy transfer. Accordingly, the relative distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials may be adapted to affect energy transfer locally across the front strike surface 281. In terms of feel, inelastic materials may generally provide a firmer sensation while elastic materials may generally provide a softer sensation. Accordingly, the relative distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials may be adapted to affect where the feeling of firmness or softness is most pronounced. In terms of forgiveness, elastic materials may generally improve forgiveness by damping vibrations while inelastic materials may generally reduce forgiveness and enhance feedback. Accordingly, the relative distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials may be adapted to optimize forgiveness or feedback in certain areas of the face insert 280. In terms of spin and launch, elastic materials may generally offer increased grip to a golf ball, potentially increasing spin, while inelastic materials may generally promote a crisp, cleaner ball release. Accordingly, the relative distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials may be adapted to balance or favor one launch profile over the other. In terms of sound, inelastic materials may generally offer a sharp, high-pitched sound while elastic materials may offer a softer, muted tone, and the relative distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials may be adapted to appeal to a variety of acoustic preferences. Given the above, it will be understood that any of the example face inserts described herein may be adapted, altered, or modified with the foregoing performance considerations in mind. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0030]Accordingly, the relative distribution of inelastic and elastic materials may be tailored to accommodate the preferences of a wide variety of golfers. In practice, the resultant hybrid design and performance characteristics of the face insert 280 may be based on design criteria such as a volumetric ratio between the inelastic and elastic materials. In one example, the face insert 280 may include a greater volume of inelastic material. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may be configured such that the framework 550 has a volume that is greater than 50% of a total volume of the face insert 280 while the matrix 560 has a volume that is less than 50% of the total volume of the face insert 280. Since inelastic materials such as metals, for example, typically exhibit higher density and stiffness, a face insert 280 of this type may lead to greater energy transfer to a golf ball, which may result in higher ball speeds and a firmer feel at impact, which some golfers associate with responsiveness and feedback. In addition, the face insert 280 may still retain some level of forgiveness and a more muted sound by virtue of the vibration and sound damping properties of the matrix 560. Accordingly, a face insert 280 having a greater volume of inelastic material may be favored by golfers seeking precision and distance control over comfort and forgiveness. In another example, the face insert 280 may include a greater volume of elastic material. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may be configured such that the matrix 560 has a volume that is greater than 50% of a total volume of the face insert 280 while the framework 550 has a volume that is less than 50% of the total volume of the face insert 280. Since elastic materials such as polymers, for example, typically exhibit greater softness and elasticity, a face insert 280 of this type may lead to increased dampening at impact for a quieter, softer feel, which some golfers associate with comfort and forgiveness. In addition, the face insert 280 may still retain some level of responsiveness and feedback by virtue of the stiffness imparted by the framework 550. Accordingly, a face insert 280 having a greater volume of elastic material may be favored by golfers seeking comfort and forgiveness over precision and distance control. In yet another example, the face insert 280 may include a balanced volumetric ratio between the elastic material and the inelastic material. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may be configured such that the framework 550 and the matrix 560 each have a volume that is 50% or about 50% of a total volume of the face insert 280. A face insert 280 of this type may serve as a middle ground that offers a compromise between responsiveness and feel, which may appeal to golfers favoring balanced feedback and forgiveness. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0031]In addition to the volumetric ratio between the inelastic and elastic materials, another design criteria for consideration may include the spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials, particularly, across the front strike surface 281 to affect how the face insert 280 interacts with a golf ball at impact. In one example, the face insert 280 may be configured with a uniform distribution of inelastic and elastic materials. This setup may provide even feel and energy transfer across the front strike surface 281 while maintaining a moderate amount of forgiveness and responsiveness and may be favored by golfers valuing overall consistency and comfort. In another example, the face insert 280 may be configured with a higher concentration of inelastic materials at or proximate a center strike area (e.g., shown in FIG. 4 as center strike area 430) of the front strike surface 281 and a greater concentration of elastic materials at or proximate one or more peripheral areas (e.g., shown in FIG. 4 as peripheral areas 441, 442, 443, and 444) the front strike surface 281. This setup may optimize energy transfer (e.g., ball speed) for center strikes while softening off-center strikes for better forgiveness and may be favored by golfers who frequently hit the sweet spot but want some mishit protection. In yet another example, the face insert 280 may be configured with a higher concentration of elastic materials at or proximate the center strike area 430 of the front strike surface 281 and a greater concentration of inelastic materials at or proximate one or more of the peripheral areas 441, 442, 443, and 444 of the front strike surface 281. This setup may optimize comfort and forgiveness by producing a slower, more controlled ball speed on center strikes while maintaining energy transfer on mishits, and may be favored by golfers seeking a soft, controlled strike with stability and feedback on off-center hits. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0032]Given the above, it is apparent that the ideal setup may depend on a particular golfer's preferences. For a responsive, feedback-rich experience, the face insert 280 may lean toward a higher volume of inelastic materials with a distribution bias at the center strike area 430. For a forgiving, soft-feeling putter, the face insert 280 may prioritize a higher volume of elastic materials with a distribution bias at the center strike area 430. In contrast, a balanced mix (e.g., 50/50) of inelastic and elastic materials with a uniform distribution across the front strike surface 281 may offer a suitable compromise, catering to both consistency and comfort. The exact benefits may depend on the relative volumes and spatial distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials along with their specific material properties (e.g., hardness of the metal, elasticity of the polymer). The foregoing examples may each strike a particular balance between the precision and firmness imparted by the inelastic material and the forgiveness and softness imparted by the elastic material, thus providing versatility to the face insert 280 while enabling the face insert 280 to be adapted to varying putting conditions and player preferences. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0033]In the example of FIGS. 2-6, the face insert 280 is generally shown and described herein as having a balanced volumetric ratio between the inelastic and elastic materials and a generally uniform distribution of inelastic and elastic materials across the front strike surface 281 to produce an even blend of soft feel and solid feedback while maintaining some degree of consistency and forgiveness across the face insert 280. Accordingly, the matrix 560 may be distributed to the framework 550 such that the framework 550 and the matrix 560 each have a volume that is about 50% of a total volume of the face insert 280. The spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials may produce a patterned front strike surface 281 defined by one or more distinct inelastic surface areas and one or more distinct elastic surface areas. In the illustrated example, the front strike surface 281 may include a uniform distribution of inelastic front surface areas 282 provided by the framework 550 surrounded by a continuous elastic front surface area 283 provided by the matrix 560 and generally making up a remainder surface area of the front strike surface 281. In one example, the inelastic front surface areas 282 may have a combined surface area that is less than or equal to 25% of a total surface area of the front strike surface 281 and the elastic front surface area 283 may have a surface area that is greater than or equal to 75% of the total surface area of the front strike surface 281, or vice versa. In another example, the inelastic front surface areas 282 may have a combined surface area that is greater than 25% and less than 50% of a total surface area of the front strike surface 281 and the elastic front surface area 283 may have a surface area that is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 75% of the total surface area of the front strike surface 281, or vice versa. In yet another example, the inelastic front surface areas 282 may have a combined surface area that is equal or about equal to 50% of a total surface area of the front strike surface 281 and the elastic front surface area 283 defined by the matrix 560 may also have a surface area that is equal or about equal to 50% of the total surface area of the front strike surface 281. As described herein, the volumetric ratio between the inelastic and elastic materials along with the spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials across the front strike surface 281 may be modified or altered based on any of the performance considerations outlined previously herein. Generally, a greater volume of inelastic material coupled with a greater distribution of inelastic material across the front strike surface 281 may favor responsiveness and feedback while a greater volume of elastic material coupled with a greater distribution of the elastic material across the front strike surface 281 may favor feel and forgiveness. Additionally, with respect to the example of FIGS. 2-6, it will be understood that the spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials, in terms of relative volumes and distributions across the front strike surface 281, may be uniform across the face insert 280 or may vary by locality. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0034]In the example of FIG. 7, the face insert 280 may be configured such that the front strike surface 281 is generally even or flat, and may be flush or substantially flush with the peripheral surface area 246 of the face portion 245 to collectively define a flat or substantially front surface of the face portion 245. Accordingly, the inelastic front surface areas 282 and the elastic front surface area 283 defining the front strike surface 281 may be coplanar and thus may each be capable of impacting a golf ball 700. Such a configuration may deliver a balanced, middle-ground performance characterized by a softer feel and quieter sound than an all-metal face with greater energy transfer and responsiveness than a full polymer insert. Additionally, the flat front strike surface 281 may also promote consistent ball launch and roll given the absence of irregularities to alter the trajectory or speed of the golf ball 700 based on strike location. This design may appeal to golfers seeking a balanced compromise between firmness and forgiveness. In another example, as shown in FIG. 8, the face insert 280 may be configured such that the elastic front surface area 283 is recessed relative to the inelastic front surface areas 282, or vice versa. In the illustrated example, the inelastic front surface areas 282 may define a primary strike surface for impacting a golf ball 800 and the face insert 280 may deliver performance characterized by a firm feel, sharp sound, and efficient energy transfer for a fast, lively ball response, more akin to a traditional all-metal putter face while also potentially benefitting from vibration and sound damping imparted by the recessed elastic front surface area 283. This design may appeal to golfers prioritizing responsiveness and solid strike with predictable roll and may also offer improved durability due to the recessed elastic surface area being subjected to minimal wear as a result of not directly contacting the golf ball 800. In contrast, the elastic front surface area 283 may define the primary strike surface for impacting the golf ball 800 and the face insert 280 may deliver a soft, controlled putting experience characterized by a muted feel and quiet sound, thus emphasizing comfort and consistency over ball speed, more akin to a full-polymer insert, while also potentially benefitting from some firmness and stability imparted by the recessed inelastic front surface areas 282. With respect to the example of FIG. 8, the recessed elastic front surface area 283, or alternatively, the recessed inelastic front surface areas 282, may impart a grooved design to the front strike surface 281 of the face insert 280, which may introduce friction and ball grip at impact to increase topspin and help reduce ball skid, thus potentially improving distance control and roll consistency. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0035]For purposes of illustration, an example construction of the face insert 280 is shown and described in piecemeal with reference to FIGS. 9-16. As shown in FIG. 9, the framework 550 may be initially provided as a unitary piece having a front surface 910, a rear surface 920, and a periphery defined by a toe-side surface 930, a heel-side surface 940, a top surface 950, and a bottom surface 960. The framework 550 may have a thickness 970 between the front and rear surfaces 910 and 920, respectively, that may be similar or substantially similar to a depth of the cavity 510 in a front-to-rear direction of the golf club head 200. In other examples, the framework 550 may be formed from two or more separate pieces joined together. Such pieces may be made of a similar or different material. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0036]Referring to FIG. 10, a first plurality of grooves 1010 may be provided across the front surface 910 of the framework 550. The first plurality of grooves 1010 may be formed through a milling process or other suitable cutting or forming process. In the illustrated example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be evenly or unevenly spaced across the front surface 910 of the framework 550. The first plurality of grooves 1010 may be parallel with one another and may extend in a first direction. In the illustrated example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may extend diagonally in a top and heel-ward direction (e.g., see directional arrow 1020) when viewing the front surface 910 in a toe-to-heel side direction as generally specified by directional arrow 1030. In another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be oriented to extend in a bottom and heel-ward direction or a direction counter or opposite to the first direction. In yet another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be oriented to extend vertically or horizontally across the front surface 910. In yet another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be otherwise configured as linear, curved, or curvilinear grooves extending in any direction. As exemplarily shown in FIG. 10, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be evenly spaced apart with similar and uniform groove widths (e.g., groove width 1040) and groove depths (e.g., groove depth 1050). In the illustrated example, any two adjacent grooves of the first plurality of grooves 1010 may be spaced apart by a distance equal or about equal to the groove width 1040. In one example, the groove depth 1050 may be equal to one-third or about one-third of the thickness 970 between the front and rear surfaces 910 and 920. In other examples, the groove widths, groove depths, and/or spacing between two or more grooves of the first plurality of grooves 1010 may vary. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0037]In the example of FIG. 10, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may partition the front surface 910 into a plurality of land areas 1060 spaced across the framework 550 and generally arranged as strips extending between the periphery of the framework 550. In the illustrated example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may reduce a total surface area of the front surface 910 of the framework 550 by 50% or about 50%. In another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910 by a percentage greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 60%. In yet another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 may reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910 by a percentage greater than or equal to 45% and less than or equal to 55%. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0038]Referring to FIG. 11, a second plurality of grooves 1110 may be provided across the front surface 910 of the framework 550 using a milling process or other suitable cutting or forming process. In the illustrated example, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be evenly or unevenly spaced across the front surface 910 of the framework 550. The second plurality of grooves 1110 may be parallel with one another and may extend in a second direction that is different from the first direction associated with the first plurality of grooves 1010 and generally shown by directional arrow 1020. In the illustrated example, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be disposed orthogonally to the first plurality of grooves 1010. Accordingly, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may intersect with the first plurality of grooves 1010 and may extend diagonally in a bottom and heel-ward direction (e.g., see directional arrow 1120) when viewing the front surface 910 in the toe-to-heel direction generally specified by directional arrow 1130. In other examples, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be otherwise configured as linear, curved, or curvilinear grooves extending in any direction. As exemplarily shown in FIG. 11, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be evenly spaced apart with similar and uniform groove widths (e.g., groove width 1140) and groove depths (e.g., groove depth 1150). In the illustrated example, the groove width 1140 of the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be similar to the groove width 1040 of the first plurality of grooves 1010 and any two adjacent grooves of the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be spaced apart by a distance equal or about equal to the groove width 1140. In contrast, the groove depth 1150 of the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be different from the groove depth 1050 of the first plurality of grooves 1010. In the example of FIG. 11, the groove depth 1150 of the second plurality of grooves 1110 may be equal to two-thirds or about two-thirds of the thickness 970 between the front and rear surfaces 910 and 920, or in other words, twice the groove depth 1050 of the first plurality of grooves 1010. In other examples, the groove widths, groove depths, and/or spacing between two or more grooves of the second plurality of grooves 1110 may vary. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0039]In the example of FIG. 11, the second plurality of grooves 1110 may act in concert with the first plurality of grooves 1010 to further partition the front surface 910 of the framework 550 into the inelastic front surface areas 282 of the front strike surface 281 described herein with reference to FIGS. 2-6. Accordingly, the second plurality of grooves 1110, acting in concert with the first plurality of grooves 1010, may further reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910. In the illustrated example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 and the second plurality of grooves 1110 may collectively reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910 by 75% or about 75%. In another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 and the second plurality of grooves 1110 may collectively reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910 by a percentage greater than or equal to 65% and less than or equal to 85%. In yet another example, the first plurality of grooves 1010 and the second plurality of grooves 1110 may collectively reduce the total surface area of the front surface 910 by a percentage greater than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 80%. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0040]Referring to FIG. 12, a third plurality of grooves 1210 may be provided across the rear surface 920 of the framework 550 using a milling process or other cutting or forming process. In the illustrated example, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be evenly or unevenly spaced across the rear surface 920 of the framework 550. The third plurality of grooves 1210 may be parallel with one another and may extend in a third direction that may be similar to or different from any one of the first and second directions associated with the first and second plurality of grooves 1010 and 1110, respectively. In the illustrated example, the third direction may be similar to the first direction associated with the first plurality of grooves 1010 such that the third plurality of grooves 1210 may extend diagonally in the top and heel-ward direction (e.g., see directional arrow 1220) when viewing the rear surface 920 in the toe-to-heel direction generally specified by directional arrow 1230. In other examples, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be otherwise configured as linear, curved, or curvilinear grooves extending in any direction. As exemplarily shown in FIG. 12, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be evenly spaced apart with similar and uniform groove widths (e.g., groove width 1240) and groove depths (e.g., groove depth 1250). In the illustrated example, the groove width 1240 of the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be similar to the groove widths 1040 and 1140 of the first and second plurality of grooves 1010 and 1110, respectively, and any two adjacent grooves of the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be spaced apart by a distance equal to the groove width 1240. Additionally, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be offset relative to the first plurality of grooves 1010 and may be orthogonal to the second plurality of grooves 1110. In the illustrated example, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be offset from the first plurality of grooves 1010 by a distance equal or about equal to the groove width 1240. In the illustrated example, the groove depth 1250 of the third plurality of grooves 1210 may be equal to one-third or about one-third of the thickness 970 between the front and rear surfaces 910 and 920, or in other words, equal or about equal to the groove depth 1050 of the first plurality of grooves 1010. In other examples, the groove widths, groove depths, and/or spacing between two or more grooves of the third plurality of grooves 1210 may vary. Given the offset between the first plurality of grooves 1010 and the third plurality of grooves 1210, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may intersect with the second plurality of grooves 1110 to define a plurality of openings 1260, thus rendering the framework 550 permeable in a front-to-rear direction of the framework 550. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0041]In the example of FIG. 12, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may partition the rear surface 920 into a plurality of land areas 1270 spaced across the framework 550 and generally arranged as strips extending between the periphery of the framework 550. In the illustrated example, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may reduce a total surface area of the rear surface 920 by 50% or about 50%. In another example, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may reduce the total surface area of the rear surface 920 by a percentage greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 60%. In yet another example, the third plurality of grooves 1210 may reduce the total surface area of the rear surface 920 by a percentage greater than or equal to 45% and less than or equal to 55%. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0042]Collectively, the first, second, and third plurality of grooves 1010, 1110, and 1210 may make up an intersecting network of grooves that define a collection of interconnected surface layers set at various depths in the front-to-rear direction of the framework 550. Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, the framework 550 may include a front surface layer defined by the remnant surface area of the front surface 910, a first intermediate surface layer defined by a first plurality of attachment surface areas 1310 formed at the bases of the first plurality of grooves 1010, a second intermediate surface layer defined by a second plurality of attachment surface areas 1320 formed at the bases of the second plurality of grooves 1110, a third intermediate surface layer defined by a third plurality of attachment surface areas 1410 formed at the bases of the third plurality of grooves 1210, and a rear surface layer defined by the remnant surface area of the rear surface 920 of the framework 550. In the illustrated example, the remnant surface area of the front surface 910 may correspond to the inelastic front surface areas 282 of the framework 550 described herein with reference to FIGS. 2-6. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the inelastic front surface areas 282 may be coplanar and may be distributed across the framework 550 at regular intervals. In another example, the framework 550 may be configured such that the distribution of the inelastic front surface areas 282 may vary or bias certain localities of the front strike surface 281 to affect the relative spatial distribution between the inelastic front surface areas 282 and the elastic front surface area 283 of the matrix 560. The first plurality of attachment surface areas 1310 may be recessed from the inelastic front surface areas 282 at the groove depth 1050 associated with the first plurality of grooves 1010. The first plurality of attachment surface areas 1310 may be coplanar and may be distributed across the framework 550 in regular or irregular intervals. The second plurality of attachment surface areas 1320 may be recessed from the inelastic front surface areas 282 at the groove depth 1150 of the second plurality of grooves 1110. The second plurality of attachment surface areas 1320 may be coplanar and may be distributed across the framework 550 in regular or irregular intervals. The third plurality of attachment surface areas 1410 may be recessed from the rear surface 920 at the groove depth 1250 associated with the third plurality of grooves 1210. The third plurality of attachment surface areas 1410 may be coplanar and may be distributed across the framework 550 at regular or irregular intervals. Additionally, the third plurality of attachment surface areas 1410 may be diametrically opposed to the inelastic front surface areas of the front surface layer. In other examples, the framework 550 may be configured such that the distribution of the first, second, and/or third plurality of attachment surface areas 1310, 1320, and/or 1410, respectively, may vary or bias certain localities of the framework 550 to affect the relative volumetric distribution between the framework 550 and the matrix 560. As discussed herein, the framework 550 may also include a porous layer defined by the plurality of openings 1260 formed at the intersections between the second and third plurality of grooves 1110 and 1210, respectively. The porous layer may be permeable in a front-to-rear surface direction of the framework 550 and may be coplanar with the second and third intermediate attachment layers, respectively. In the illustrated example, the first, second, and third plurality of attachment surface areas 1310, 1320, and 1410, respectively, may increase an overall surface area of the framework 550 for attachment with the matrix 560. Additionally, by spacing the first, second, and third plurality of attachment surface areas 1310, 1320, and 1410, respectively, at regular intervals across the framework 550, a uniform and balanced volume distribution (e.g., 50/50) between the inelastic and elastic materials may be achieved. Given the porous nature of the framework 550, the matrix 560 may occupy the empty space of the framework 550 while also extend through the porous layer to integrate with the front surface 910, the rear surface 920, and the periphery of the framework 550 for an improved hold. In this manner, the matrix 560 may be provided as a monolithic structure that is locked in place through its interactions with the framework 550. Accordingly, the face insert 280 may have improved structural resilience to better withstand repeated ball strikes. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0043]While the first, second, and third plurality of grooves 1010, 1110, and 1210, respectively, are generally shown as linear grooves, it will be understood that any example framework described herein may be configured with any number of grooves that may be linear, curved, curvilinear, etc., and extending in any direction to achieve a variety of form factors capable of engaging a matrix or other elastic medium to produce a variety of relative volume and spatial distributions between the associated inelastic and elastic materials. While the framework 550 shown in FIGS. 9-12 is described herein in a particular order of construction, it will be understood that the first, second, and third plurality of grooves 1010, 1110, and 1210, respectively, may be constructed in any order or simultaneously. As described herein, the framework 550 may be constructed using a variety of manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, a milling process, a laser cutting process, 3D printing, or other suitable process. Although the above examples may describe and depict the framework 550 being manufactured from a single piece of material, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may use multiple and separate pieces of metal materials as one or more portions to manufacture the framework 550 described herein. For example, separate pieces of materials may be stacked together to provide a base portion and wall portions to form the first, second, and/or third plurality of grooves 1010, 1110, and/or 1210, respectively, of the framework 550. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0044]Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, the matrix 560 may be integrated with the framework 550 to form the face insert 280. In one example, the matrix 560 may be formed from a polymer material that is injection molded to the framework 550. In another example, the matrix 560 may be formed by two or more separate pieces joined or otherwise fitted to the framework 550. As shown, the matrix 560 may at least partially encase the framework 550. In the illustrated example, the framework 550 and the matrix 560 may collectively define the front strike surface 281, the rear surface 520, and the peripheral surface 530 of the face insert 280. As shown in FIG. 15, the matrix 560 may surround the inelastic front surface areas 282 of the framework 550 to define the continuous elastic front surface area 283 of the front strike surface 281 described herein with reference to FIGS. 2-6. As shown in the example of FIGS. 15 and 16, the spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials associated with the framework 550 and the matrix 560, respectfully, may be different at the front strike surface 281, the rear surface 520, and the peripheral surface 530. Accordingly, the front strike surface 281, the rear surface 520, and the peripheral surface 530 may have different distribution patterns of the inelastic and elastic materials associated with the framework 550 and the matrix 560, respectfully. In other examples, the front strike surface 281 and the rear surface 520 may have similar distribution patterns of the inelastic and elastic materials associated with the framework 550 and the matrix 560, respectfully. In the illustrated example, the face insert 280 may be planar to complement the shape of the cavity 510. In other examples, which will be described in greater detail below, the face insert 280 may be configured with other profiles. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0045]With reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, the face insert 280 may be received inside the cavity 510 via the opening 513 such that the rear surface 520 of the face insert 280 may abut the rear wall portion 511 of the cavity 510. In the illustrated example, the face insert 280 may be dimensioned to allow for a gap 1810 to be formed between the peripheral surface 530 of the face insert 280 and the peripheral wall portion 512 of the cavity 510. An adhesive 1820 (e.g., an epoxy) may be provided to the gap 1810 to secure the face insert 280 to the cavity 510. In other examples, the face insert 280 may be dimensioned for frictional engagement to the cavity 510 and/or secured to the cavity 510 using mechanical fasteners or other fastening means. In the example of FIG. 18, the golf club head 200 is generally shown with an optional self-alignment feature configured to center the face insert 280 within the cavity 510. In the illustrated example, the self-alignment feature may include one or more protrusions (e.g., shown as protrusions 1831 and 1832) extending rearward from the face insert 280 and configured to be received in complementary pockets (e.g., shown as pockets 1841 and 1842) formed in the body portion 210 and extending rearward from the rear wall portion 511 of the cavity 510. In another example, one or more protrusions may extend forward from the rear wall portion 511 of the cavity 510 and may be received in complementary pockets formed in the face insert 280. In yet another example, the self-alignment feature may include a number of ribs on the rear wall portion 511 of the cavity 510 configured to frame or partially frame the face insert 280. In addition to centering the face insert 280 within the cavity 510, the self-alignment feature may ensure an even spacing between the peripheral surface 530 of the face insert 280 and the peripheral wall portion 512 of the cavity 510 so that an optimal bond may be achieved via the adhesive 1820. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0046]With respect to any examples described herein, the matrix 560 may be opaque such that portions of the framework 550 located beneath or encased by the matrix 560 are concealed from view. Alternatively, the matrix 560 may be transparent or translucent such that the framework 550 is visible through the matrix 560 as shown in FIG. 19. Being able to see and distinguish the framework 550 from the peripheral surface area 246 of the face portion 245 may provide comfort and inspire confidence to a user while also providing an attractive appearance highlighted by the form factor of the framework 550. In one example, the matrix 560 may be formulated with ultraviolet protection to reduce degradation (e.g., yellowing) over time. In another example, the matrix 560 may be formulated in a particular color for added visual effect. In yet another example, the matrix 560 may be textured or smooth. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0047]While the face insert 280 is described herein as a separate piece provided to the cavity 510, it will be understood that the framework 550, or portions of the framework 550, may be integral with the body portion 210 such that the cavity 510 may be omitted. Accordingly, in some examples, the matrix 560 may be provided directly to the body portion 210. In one example, the matrix 560 may be provided as an insert. In another example, the matrix 560 may be provided as a liquid material that hardens via a curing process. For exemplary purposes, and with reference back to the example of FIGS. 9-12, the first and second plurality of grooves 1010 and 1110, respectively, may be alternatively provided in the front surface of the face portion 245 and an elastic material may be directly provided to the face portion 245 to fill the first and second plurality of grooves 1010 and 1110, respectively, to define the elastic front surface area 283 while the inelastic front surface areas 282 may be defined by the remnant areas of the front surface of the face portion 245 formed between the intersections of the first and second plurality of grooves 1010 and 1110, respectively. Additionally, while the example of FIGS. 2-6 generally illustrates a single cavity 510 and complementary face insert 280, other examples may include two or more separate and distinct cavities along with a requisite number of complementary face inserts. The golf club head 200 described herein may be configured as a putter-type golf club head including, but not limited to, a blade-type putter, a mallet-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, and the like. The golf club head 200 may be configured with a variety of lofts. In one example, the golf club head 200 may have a loft greater than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees. Per convention, the golf club head 200 may be configured with a planar strike surface that may be flat or grooved. In other examples, the peripheral surface area 246 of the face portion 245 and/or the front strike surface 281 of the face insert 280 may be configured with bulge and/or roll. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0048]FIGS. 20-23 illustrate examples of face inserts having various face thickness profiles according to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. In FIGS. 20-23, the face thickness profiles are generally associated with a top-down view of each respective face insert. It will be understood that the examples of FIGS. 20-23 may employ any of the performance considerations outlined herein. Accordingly, in the example of FIGS. 20-23, the distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials, in terms of relative volumes and concentrations across a front strike surface may be uniform or may vary by locality. In FIGS. 20 and 21, a face insert 2000 is shown having a face thickness 2010 between a front strike surface 2020 and a rear surface 2030 that generally increases toward a central plane 2040 equally dividing the face insert 2000 between a toe-side surface 2050 and a heel-side surface 2060. In the example of FIG. 20, the face thickness 2010 is shown to gradually increase (e.g., having a linear, curved, or curvilinear transition) from the toe and heel-side surfaces 2050 and 2060, respectively, toward the central plane 2040. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21, the increase in face thickness 2010 toward the central plane 2040 may be realized more suddenly or abruptly (e.g., shown by a stepped transition). In FIGS. 22 and 23, a face insert 2200 may include a face thickness 2210 between a front strike surface 2220 and a rear surface 2230 that generally decreases toward a central plane 2240 dividing the face insert 2200 between a toe-side surface 2250 and a heel-side surface 2260. In the example of FIG. 22, the face thickness 2210 is shown to gradually decrease (e.g., having a linear, curved, or curvilinear transition) from the toe and heel-side surfaces 2250 and 2260, respectively, toward the central plane 2240. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, the decrease in face thickness 2210 toward the central plane 2240 may be realized more suddenly or abruptly (e.g., shown by a stepped transition). It will be understood that any example face insert described herein may have uniform and/or variable face thickness anywhere along the face insert that may be realized by a gradual transition, a sudden transition, or a combination thereof. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0049]Additionally, it will be understood that any example face insert described herein may be formed by one or more layers of inelastic material and one or more layers of elastic material. Alternatively, any example face insert described herein may include one or more elastic materials embedded or partially embedded in an inelastic material. Alternatively, still, any example face insert described herein may include one or more inelastic materials embedded or partially embedded in an elastic material. To illustrate these teachings, the face insert 2000 of FIG. 20 is exemplarily shown having a front layer 2071, a rear layer 2072, and one or more intermediate layers 2073, each of which may be formed from an inelastic material or an elastic material. In the illustrated example, the front, rear, and one or more intermediate layers 2071, 2072, and 2073, respectively, may be stacked in a front-to-rear direction of the face insert 2000. In another example, the front, rear, and one or more intermediate layers 2071, 2072, and 2073, respectively, may be stacked in a toe-to-heel direction of the face insert 2000. In yet another example, the front, rear, and one or more intermediate layers 2071, 2072, and 2073 may be stacked in a top-to-bottom direction of the face insert 2000 (i.e., in a direction extending into the page). In FIG. 21, the face insert 2000 is exemplarily shown having an inelastic material 2110 embedded in an elastic material 2120, or vice versa. In the illustrated example, the inelastic material 2110 may be distributed anywhere within the elastic material 2120 and may generally extend between the front strike surface 2020 and the rear surface 2030. The inelastic material 2110 may be variously shaped and sized and may be fully embedded or partially embedded in the elastic material 2120. Accordingly, in examples where the inelastic material 2110 is partially embedded in the elastic material 2120, the inelastic material 2110 may at least partially define a surface area of the front strike surface 2020 and/or the rear surface 2030 of the face insert 2000. In FIG. 22, the face insert 2200 is exemplarily shown having an elastic material 2270 embedded in an inelastic material 2280, or vice versa. In the illustrated example, the elastic material 2270 may be distributed anywhere within the inelastic material 2280 and may generally extend between the toe-side surface 2250 and the heel-side surface 2260. The elastic material 2270 may be variously shaped and sized and may be fully embedded or partially embedded in the inelastic material 2280. Accordingly, in examples where the elastic material 2270 is partially embedded in the inelastic material 2280, the elastic material 2270 may at least partially define a surface area of the toe-side surface 2250 and/or the heel-side surface 2260 of the face insert 2200. In FIG. 23, the face insert 2200 is exemplarily shown having an inelastic material 2310 embedded in an elastic material 2320, or vice versa. In the illustrated example, the inelastic material 2310 may be distributed anywhere within the elastic material 2320 and may generally extend between a top surface 2330 and a bottom surface 2340 (i.e., in a direction extending into the page). The inelastic material 2310 may be variously shaped and sized and may be fully embedded or partially embedded in the elastic material 2320. Accordingly, in examples where the inelastic material 2310 is partially embedded in the elastic material 2320, the inelastic material 2310 may at least partially define an area of the top surface 2330 and/or the bottom surface 2340 of the face insert 2200. With respect to the examples of FIGS. 21-23, it will be understood that the embedded materials associated therewith may be isolated structures or portions of a larger structure that may be partially or entirely embedded. With respect to any of the example face inserts described herein, it will be understood that the volumetric ratios and/or spatial distributions of the inelastic and elastic materials may be determined and finetuned based on the performance considerations outlined in this disclosure in addition to any other performance considerations apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, the volumetric ratio and relative distributions of inelastic and elastic materials forming a face insert may take on a variety of forms. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0050]FIGS. 24-30 illustrate examples of face inserts having a variety of spatial distributions of inelastic and elastic materials across their front strike surfaces. In the example FIG. 24, a face insert 2400 may have a front strike surface 2410 divided into three even regions corresponding to a toe-side region 2420, a heel-side region 2430, and a center region 2440 between the toe-side region 2420 and the heel-side region 2430. Each region may be defined by a spatial distribution of inelastic and elastic materials that is biased toward either a greater distribution of inelastic materials, a greater distribution of elastic materials, or an even distribution of inelastic and elastic materials. In one example, the center region 2440 may be biased toward a greater distribution of inelastic materials while the toe-side region 2420 and the heel-side region 2430 may each be biased toward a greater distribution of elastic materials. In another example, the center region 2440 may be biased toward a greater distribution of elastic materials while the toe-side region 2420 and the heel-side region 2430 may each be biased toward a greater distribution of inelastic materials. In yet another example, the toe-side region 2420, the heel-side region 2430, and the center region 2440 may each be biased toward a balanced (e.g. 50/50) distribution of elastic and inelastic materials. In the example of FIG. 25, a face insert 2500 may include a front strike surface 2510 defined by a center strike area 2520 enclosed by a plurality of perimeter surface areas (e.g., shown as perimeter surface areas 2530, 2540, 2550, 2560, 2570, and 2580) that become successively larger in perimeter area size moving outwardly from the center strike area 2520. Additionally, the plurality of perimeter surface areas may alternate in material composition. In one example, the center strike area 2520 may be defined be an inelastic material while the plurality of perimeter surface areas, beginning with perimeter surface area 2530, may alternate between elastic and inelastic materials. In another example, the center strike area 2520 may be defined by an elastic material and the plurality of perimeter surface areas, beginning with perimeter surface area 2530, may alternate between inelastic and elastic materials. In the example of FIG. 26, a face insert 2600 may include a front strike surface 2610 defined by a plurality of horizontal surface areas 2620 and a surrounding area 2630 enclosing the plurality of horizontal surface areas 2620. In one example, the plurality of horizontal surface areas 2620 may be defined by an inelastic material while the surrounding area 2630 may be defined by an elastic material. In another example, the plurality of horizontal surface areas 2620 may be defined by an elastic material while the surrounding area 2630 may be defined by an inelastic material. In yet another example, the lengths, widths, and spacing between two or more horizontal surface areas of the plurality of horizontal surface areas 2620 may be uniform or may vary. In yet another example, the front strike surface 2610 may include a single horizontal surface area located anywhere on the front strike surface 2610 and extending any length across the front strike surface 2610. In the example of FIG. 27, a face insert 2700 may include a front strike surface 2710 defined by a plurality of vertical surface areas 2720 and a surrounding area 2730 enclosing the plurality of vertical surface areas 2720. In one example, the plurality of vertical surface areas 2720 may be defined by an inelastic material while the surrounding area 2730 may be defined by an elastic material. In another example, the plurality of vertical surface areas 2720 may be defined by an elastic area while the surrounding area 2730 may be defined by an inelastic material. In yet another example, the lengths, widths, and spacing between two or more vertical surface areas of the plurality of vertical surface areas 2720 may be uniform or may vary. In yet another example, the front strike surface 2710 may include a single vertical surface area located anywhere on the front strike surface 2710 and extending any length across the front strike surface 2710. In the example of FIG. 28, a face insert 2800 may include a front strike surface 2810 defined by one or more diagonal surface areas 2820 extending in a first direction and intersecting with one or more diagonal surface areas 2830 extending in a second direction different from the first direction, and a surrounding area 2840 enclosing the one or more diagonal surface areas 2820 and 2830, respectively. In one example, the diagonal surface areas 2820 and 2830, respectively, may be defined by an inelastic material while the surrounding area 2840 may be defined by an elastic material. In another example, the diagonal surface areas 2820 and 2830, respectively, may be defined by an elastic material and the surrounding area 2840 may be defined by an inelastic material. In yet another example, the lengths and widths of the diagonal surface areas 2820 and 2830, respectively, may be uniform or may vary. In yet another example, the front strike surface 2810 may include a single diagonal surface area located anywhere on the front strike surface 2810 and extending any length across the front strike surface 2810. In the example of FIG. 29, a face insert 2900 may include a front strike surface 2910 defined by a first plurality of arcuate surface areas 2920 extending in a first direction and intersecting with a second plurality of arcuate surface areas 2930 extending in a second direction different from the first direction, and a surrounding area 2940 enclosing the first and second plurality of arcuate surface areas 2920 and 2930, respectively. In one example the first and second plurality of arcuate surface areas 2920 and 2930, respectively, may be defined by an inelastic material and the surrounding area 2940 may be defined by an elastic material. In another example, the first and second plurality of arcuate surface areas 2920 and 2930, respectively, may be defined by an elastic material and the surrounding area 2940 may be defined by an inelastic material. In yet another example, the lengths, widths, and spacing between two or more arcuate surface areas of the first and/or second plurality of arcuate surface areas 2920 and/or 2930, respectively, may be uniform or may vary. In yet another example, the front strike surface 2910 may include a single arcuate surface area located anywhere on the front strike surface 2910. Additionally, the single arcuate surface area may extend any length across the front strike surface 2910 and may have a curvature oriented in any direction. In the example of FIG. 30, a face insert 3000 may include a front strike surface 3010 with a logo 3020 or other visual identifier or symbol, and a surrounding area 3030 enclosing the logo 3020. In one example, the logo 3020 may be defined by an inelastic material while the surrounding area 3030 may be defined by an elastic area. In another example, the logo 3020 may be defined by an elastic material while the surrounding area 3030 may be defined by an inelastic material. In yet another example, the logo 3020 may be provided beneath the front strike surface 3010 and the front strike surface 3010 may be defined by a transparent or semi-transparent elastic material to allow the logo 3020 to be viewed through the front strike surface 3010. With respect to any of the examples of FIGS. 24-30, the corresponding front strike surfaces may be flat, grooved, textured, or any combination thereof. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0051]FIG. 31 depicts one manner by which the golf club head 200 described herein may be manufactured. In the example of FIG. 31, a process 3100 may begin with providing a body portion (e.g., the body portion 210 of FIGS. 2-6) having a face portion (e.g., the face portion 245 of FIGS. 2-6) with a cavity (e.g., the cavity 510 of FIGS. 2-6) (block 3110). The process 3100 may also include providing a face insert (e.g., the face insert 280 of FIGS. 2-6) (block 3120). In one example, the process 3100 may provide a face insert having a distribution of inelastic and elastic materials. As described herein, the spatial distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials may be determined based on a volumetric ratio between the inelastic and elastic materials along with a relative distribution of the inelastic and elastic materials across a front strike surface of the face insert in accordance with certain performance considerations outlined herein. In one example, the face insert may be formed by an inelastic framework (e.g., the framework 550 of FIGS. 2-6) and an elastic matrix (e.g., the matrix 560 of FIGS. 2-6) that may occupy and integrate with the inelastic framework. In yet another example, the face insert (e.g., the face insert 2000 of FIG. 20) may be a layered structure formed by one or more layers of inelastic materials and one or more layers of elastic materials. In yet another example, the face insert (e.g., the face inserts 2000 and 2200 of FIGS. 21-23) may be formed by an inelastic material partially or entirely embedded in an elastic material or an elastic material partially or entirely embedded in an inelastic material. Moving on, the process 3100 may further include attaching the face insert to the cavity (block 3130). In one example, the process 3100 may couple the face insert to the cavity with various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a bonding process, a welding process, a brazing process, a mechanical locking method, any combination thereof, or other suitable manufacturing methods and/processes). The example process 3100 is merely provided and described in conjunction with other figures as an example of one way to manufacture the golf club head 200. While a particular order of actions is illustrated in FIG. 31, these actions may be performed in other temporal sequences. For example, two or more actions depicted in FIG. 31 may be performed sequentially, concurrently, or simultaneously. In one example, blocks 3110, 3120, and/or 3130, respectively, may be performed sequentially, concurrently, or simultaneously. Although FIG. 31 depicts a particular number of blocks, the process 3100 may not perform one or more blocks. In one example, as described herein, a collection of grooves and/or recesses may be formed directly in a front surface of the face portion and an elastic material may be provided to fill the collection of grooves and/or recesses such that the front surface is at least partially defined by the elastic material. The collection of grooves and/or recesses may be constructed using a variety of manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, a milling process, a laser cutting process, or other suitable process. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0052]While each of the above examples may describe a certain type of golf club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of golf club heads (e.g., a driver-type golf club head, a fairway wood-type golf club head, a hybrid-type golf club head, an iron-type golf club head, a putter-type golf club head, etc.).

[0053]Procedures defined by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA) and/or the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&A) may be used for measuring the club head volume of any of the golf club heads described herein. For example, a club head volume may be determined by using the weighted water displacement method (i.e., Archimedes Principle). Although the figures may depict particular types of club heads (e.g., a driver-type club head or iron-type golf club head), the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of club head (e.g., a fairway wood-type club head, a hybrid-type club head, a putter-type club head, etc.). Accordingly, any golf club head as described herein may have a volume that is within a volume range corresponding to certain type of golf club head as defined by golf governing bodies. A driver-type golf club head may have a club head volume of greater than or equal to 300 cubic centimeters (cm³ or cc). In another example, a driver-type golf club head may have a club head volume of 460 cc. A fairway wood golf club head may have a club head volume of between 100 cc and 300 cc. In one example, a fairway wood golf club head may have a club head volume of 180 cc. An iron-type golf club head may have a club head volume of between 25 cc and 100 cc. In one example, an iron-type golf club head may have a volume of 50 cc. Any of the golf clubs described herein may have the physical characteristics of a certain type of golf club (i.e., driver, fairway wood, iron, etc.), but have a volume that may fall outside of the above-described ranges. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0054]Any of the golf club heads and/or golf clubs described herein may include one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometers, strain gauges, etc.) for sensing linear motion (e.g., acceleration) and/or forces in all three axes of motion and/or rotational motion (e.g., angular acceleration) and rotational forces about all three axes of motion. In one example, the one or more sensors may be internal sensors that may be located inside the golf club head, the hosel, the shaft, and/or the grip. In another example, the one or more sensors may be external sensors that may be located on the grip, on the shaft, on the hosel, and/or on the golf club head. In yet another example, the one or more sensors may be external sensors that may be attached by an individual to the grip, to the shaft, to the hosel, and/or to the golf club head. In one example, data collected from the sensors may be used to determine any one or more design parameters for any of the golf club heads and/or golf clubs described herein to provide certain performance or optimum performance characteristics. In another example, data from the sensors may be collected during play to assess the performance of an individual. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0055]Any of the apparatus, methods, or articles of manufacture described herein may include one or more visual identifiers such as alphanumeric characters, colors, images, symbols, logos, and/or geometric shapes. For example, one or more visual identifiers may be manufactured with one or more portions of a golf club such as the golf club head (e.g., casted or molded with the golf club head), painted on the golf club head, etched on the golf club (e.g., laser etching), embossed on the golf club head, machined onto the golf club head, attached as a separate badge or a sticker on the golf club head (e.g., adhesive, welding, brazing, mechanical lock(s), any combination thereof, etc.), or any combination thereof. The visual identifier may be made from the same material as the golf club head or a different material than the golf club head (e.g., a plastic badge attached to the golf club head with an adhesive). Further, the visual identifier may be associated with manufacturing and/or brand information of the golf club head, the type of golf club head, one or more physical characteristics of the golf club head, or any combination thereof. In particular, a visual identifier may include a brand identifier associated with a manufacturer of the golf club (e.g., trademark, trade name, logo, etc.) or other information regarding the manufacturer. In addition, or alternatively, the visual identifier may include a location (e.g., country of origin), a date of manufacture of the golf club or golf club head, or both.

[0056]The visual identifier may include a serial number of the golf club or golf club head, which may be used to check the authenticity to determine whether or not the golf club or golf club head is a counterfeit product. The serial number may also include other information about the golf club that may be encoded with alphanumeric characters (e.g., country of origin, date of manufacture of the golf club, or both). In another example, the visual identifier may include the category or type of the golf club head (e.g., 5-iron, 7-iron, pitching wedge, etc.). In yet another example, the visual identifier may indicate one or more physical characteristics of the golf club head, such as one or more materials of manufacture (e.g., visual identifier of “Titanium” indicating the use of titanium in the golf club head), loft angle, face portion characteristics, mass portion characteristics (e.g., visual identifier of “Tungsten” indicating the use of tungsten mass portions in the golf club head), interior cavity and matrix characteristics (e.g., one or more abbreviations, phrases, or words indicating that the interior cavity is filled with a polymer material), any other information that may visually indicate any physical or play characteristic of the golf club head, or any combination thereof. Further, one or more visual identifiers may provide an ornamental design or contribute to the appearance of the golf club, or the golf club head.

[0057]Any of the golf club heads described herein may be manufactured by casting from metal such as steel. However, other techniques for manufacturing a golf club head as described herein may be used such as 3D printing or molding a golf club head from metal or non-metal materials such as ceramics.

[0058]All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. Although a particular order of actions may be described herein with respect to one or more processes, these actions may be performed in other temporal sequences. Further, two or more actions in any of the processes described herein may be performed sequentially, concurrently, or simultaneously.

[0059]The terms “and” and “or” may have both conjunctive and disjunctive meanings. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless this disclosure indicates otherwise. The term “coupled,” and any variation thereof, refers to directly or indirectly connecting two or more elements chemically, mechanically, and/or otherwise. The phrase “removably connected” is defined such that two elements that are “removably connected” may be separated from each other without breaking or destroying the utility of either element.

[0060]The term “substantially” when used to describe a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may represent deviations or variations that do not diminish the characteristic, parameter, property, or value that the element may be intended to provide. Deviations or variations in a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may be based on, for example, tolerances, measurement errors, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors. The term “proximate” is synonymous with terms such as “adjacent,” “close,” “immediate,” “nearby,” “neighboring,” etc., and such terms may be used interchangeably as appearing in this disclosure.

[0061]Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. A numerical range defined using the word “between” includes numerical values at both end points of the numerical range. A spatial range defined using the word “between” includes any point within the spatial range and the boundaries of the spatial range. A location expressed relative to two spaced apart or overlapping elements using the word “between” includes (i) any space between the elements, (ii) a portion of each element, and/or (iii) the boundaries of each element.

[0062]The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely for clarification and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of any embodiments discussed herein.

[0063]Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements disclosed herein. One or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

[0064]While different features or aspects of an embodiment may be described with respect to one or more features, a singular feature may comprise multiple elements, and multiple features may be combined into one element without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Further, although methods may be disclosed as comprising one or more operations, a single operation may comprise multiple steps, and multiple operations may be combined into one step without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0065]The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be implemented in a variety of embodiments, and the foregoing description of some of these embodiments does not necessarily represent a complete description of all possible embodiments. Instead, the description of the drawings, and the drawings themselves, disclose at least one embodiment, and may disclosure alternative embodiments.

[0066]As the rules of golf may change from time to time (e.g., new regulations may be adopted or old rules may be eliminated or modified by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the USGA, the R&A, etc.), golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be conforming or non-conforming to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly, golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be advertised, offered for sale, and/or sold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard.

[0067]Further, while the above examples may be described with respect to golf clubs, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other suitable types of sports equipment such as a fishing pole, a hockey stick, a ski pole, a tennis racket, etc.

[0068]Although certain example apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this disclosure is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this disclosure covers all apparatus, methods, and articles of articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.