Temperature-Controlled Work Surface and Seat System

PRIORITY CLAIM

[0001]The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 63/738,283, filed Dec. 23, 2024. U.S. Provisional Application 63/738,283 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

[0002]The present disclosure relates generally to a temperature-controlled work surface system and temperature-controlled seat in which the temperature of the work surface system, the temperature-controlled seat, or the area surrounding the temperature-controlled work surface system or temperature-controlled seat can be regulated.

BACKGROUND

[0003]The temperature of a workspace can be controlled using various approaches that can be based on factors including the size of the workspace, the number of people in the workspace, or the spatial configuration of the workspace. In some instances, workspaces may include individual office spaces that are connected to a heating and cooling system that provides a uniform climate for offices and does not allow for individual control of the temperature in each office. In other instances, a workplace can comprise an open floorplan in which there are no individual offices or partitions between individuals, thereby limiting the ability to control the climate for different portions of the workspace.

[0004]Under circumstances in which the climate in an individual workspace can be controlled, the location of windows, doors, and heating or cooling ducts can increase the complexity involved in providing a comfortable workspace climate. Further, adjusting the temperature in a large entire area can result in changes in the humidity such that some individuals may find their immediate area to be too moist or too dry for comfort. Additionally, different portions of an individual's body may require different temperatures to be comfortable. For example, an individual's feet may require more heat than their back and another individual may feel more comfortable when the temperature of their upper legs is cooler than the temperature of their feet. As such, regulating the temperature in a workplace can present a challenge.

SUMMARY

[0005]Aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description, or can be learned from the description, or can be learned through practice of the embodiments.

[0006]One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a temperature-controlled work surface and seat system that can comprise a temperature-controlled work surface and a temperature-controlled seat. A temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a base. A surface member comprising an upper surface and a lower surface can be mounted to the base. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a housing mounted to the lower surface of the surface member. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise one or more conduits disposed within the housing. The one or more conduits comprise one or more inlets and one or more outlets. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a temperature regulation device mounted to the one or more inlets of the one or more conduits and configured to modify a temperature of air. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a fluid flow generator mounted to the temperature regulation device. The fluid flow generator is configured to draw air into the fluid flow generator and direct a flow of the air into the temperature regulation device and through the one or more inlets to the one or more outlets of the one or more conduits. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a controller coupled to the surface member and configured to control the temperature regulation device or the fluid flow generator.

[0007]A temperature-controlled seat can comprise a base member comprising one or more base member conduits disposed within the base member and configured to convey fluid through the one or more base member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a backrest member coupled to the base member. The backrest member comprises one or more backrest member conduits that are disposed within the backrest member and configured to convey the fluid through the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a fluid flow generator coupled to the one or more base member conduits and the one or more backrest member conduits. The fluid flow generator is configured to direct the fluid through the one or more base member conduits or the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a temperature regulation device coupled to the fluid flow generator and configured to modify a temperature of the fluid directed through the one or more base member conduits or the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a controller coupled to the base member and configured to control the fluid flow generator or the temperature regulation device.

[0008]These and other features, aspects, and advantages of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the related principles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009]Detailed discussion of embodiments directed to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:

[0010]FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of a bottom side of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011]FIG. 2 depicts a top plan view of a top side of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012]FIG. 3 depicts a front view of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013]FIG. 4 depicts a rear view of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014]FIG. 5 depicts a side view of example conduits of a temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015]FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of a temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016]FIG. 7 depicts a top plan view of a base member and a backrest member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017]FIG. 8 depicts a top plan view of a base member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018]FIG. 9 depicts a top plan view of a backrest member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019]FIG. 10 depicts a side view of a chair configuration of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020]FIG. 11 depicts a top plan view of an example temperature-controlled seat cover according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021]FIG. 12 depicts a perspective view of an example of a chair configuration of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022]FIG. 13 depicts a side view of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023]Reference numerals that are repeated across plural figures are intended to identify the same features in various implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024]Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the embodiments, not limitation of the present disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that aspects of the present disclosure cover such modifications and variations.

[0025]As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components. The terms “includes” and “including” are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” Similarly, the term “or” is generally intended to be inclusive (i.e., “A or B” is intended to mean “A or B or both”).

[0026]Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. For example, the approximating language may refer to being within a ten percent (10%) margin.

[0027]In general, the present disclosure is directed to a temperature-controlled work surface and seat system that may comprise a temperature-controlled work surface system that regulates the temperature in proximity to the user of the work surface and a temperature-controlled seat that regulates the temperature of the seat in which a user is seated. The temperature-controlled work surface system is configured to heat or cool one or multiple parts of a user's body. The temperature-controlled seat may provide targeted heating to different parts of the user's body and can be configured as either a detachable device or as a unified temperature-controlled chair that incorporates the temperature-controlled seat. As described herein, the temperature-controlled work surface system is a lightweight and energy efficient technology that is configured to regulate the temperature in an area (e.g., an area within 2.0 meters of the work surface) surrounding the work surface. Given that individuals in shared workspaces may have different temperature preferences, the temperature-controlled work surface system can provide an individualized temperature zone for a person in a workspace. Further, the temperature-controlled workspace is configured to provide heating and cooling in standing or sitting positions (e.g., for standing desks or regular desks). By providing distinct, user-adjustable airflow paths through various conduits, the temperature-controlled work surface system can adapt to the dynamic nature of modern workspaces, accommodating users who frequently transition between sitting and standing postures.

[0028]The temperature-controlled seat can be portable in addition to being lightweight. The temperature-controlled seat provides targeted heating via a fluid circulation system that circulates fluid through conduits. The temperature-controlled seat may also be powered by a battery that can supply a long duration charge while allowing the temperature-controlled seat to retain its portability without being tethered to a wall plug. Further, the temperature-controlled seat is ergonomically configured to be supportive without being too hard. Further, the temperature-controlled seat is soft and supportive as well as being covered in carefully selected fabrics that enhance user comfort. The temperature-controlled work surface system and the temperature-controlled seat provide more efficient heating and cooling by having lower power requirements and regulating the temperature in a small area instead of a large area that may not have many people in it.

[0029]With reference to the figures, a temperature-controlled work surface system 100 will be described in accordance with example aspects of the present subject matter. As discussed in greater detail below, temperature-controlled work surface system 100 may include features for regulating the temperature in a workspace. The temperature-controlled work surface system 100 may define a vertical direction V, a lateral direction L, and a transverse direction T. The vertical direction V, the lateral direction L, and the transverse direction T may be mutually perpendicular and form an orthogonal direction system.

[0030]With reference to FIGS. 1-6, a temperature-controlled work surface system 100 may comprise a surface member 110, an upper surface 112, a lower surface 114, a housing 120, one or more conduits 130, one or more upper conduits 132, one or more lower conduits 134, one or more inlets 136, one or more outlets 138, a temperature regulation device 140, a fluid flow generator 150, a controller 160, a control interface 161, a control interface 162, a diverter 170, a base 190, a rear outlet 191, and/or a power input port 192.

[0031]FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of a bottom side of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 is illustrated in a top plan view of a top side, depicting the integration of the temperature regulation components with a workspace environment. The temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can be configured to provide a personalized microclimate for a user and can address the limitations of centralized Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems by enabling localized thermal regulation. The temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can comprise a surface member 110, which can be used as a workspace interface (e.g., an interface for computing device use, writing on paper, reading, and/or eating), and a housing 120 comprising one or more active thermal components. The surface member 110 may comprise a desktop, tabletop, countertop, and/or other similar planar structure. For example, the surface member 110 can comprise a planar member that comprises a plurality of substantially flat surfaces. Further, the surface member 110 can be configured in a variety of shapes including a polygonal shape (e.g., square or rectangular), an elliptical shape (e.g., circular), and/or an ovoid shape. The surface member 110 can comprise an upper surface 112, on which objects (e.g., a computing device, a keyboard, a monitor, smartphone, cups, plates, books, and/or tools) can be placed and/or on which a user can perform tasks. The surface member 110 can comprise a lower surface 114, to which the functional components of the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can be mounted or coupled. For example, the temperature-controlled work surface system can be mounted and/or secured to the surface member 110 by screws, nails, magnets, tape, glue, and/or fasteners. In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled work surface 100 can comprise one or more of the surface member 110. The temperature-controlled work surface 100 can comprise various materials including plastics, polymers, metals, and/or wood. For example, the surface member 110 can comprise plastic, polymers, metals, and/or wood. Further, one or more components (e.g., the temperature regulation device 140, the fluid flow generator 150, the controller 160, the control interface 161, the control interface 162, and/or the diverter 170) of the temperature-controlled work surface 100 can be electrically powered and can comprise a battery (e.g., lithium-ion array, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a silicone battery) that can be used as a power source to power and/or operate one or more components of the temperature-controlled work surface 100.

[0032]While FIG. 1 illustrates the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 in isolation or relative to the surface member 110, it is understood that the housing 120 can be configured to be unobtrusively secured to the lower surface 114, thereby preserving the usable area of the upper surface 112 while positioning the thermal output in proximity to the user's lower body and torso.

[0033]The housing 120 can act as the structural enclosure for the temperature-controlled work surface system 100, protecting the internal mechanisms and improving the safety of operation. The housing 120 can be constructed from one or more materials comprising Nylon (e.g., Nylon 12), aluminum, or other heat-resistant polymers that can provide durability while remaining lightweight.

[0034]The housing 120 can be configured to be low-profile, to increase legroom, and reduce physical interference with a user seated or standing at the surface member 110. One or more conduits 130 can be disposed within the housing 120. The conduits 130 can define airflow paths through the temperature-controlled work surface system 100, guiding air from an intake point to target zones around a user. The conduits 130 can be configured so that heating and cooling can be performed effectively. Further, the conduits 130 can comprise a split-flow configuration in which upper conduits and lower conduits can be directed at different body parts of a user (e.g., the user's chest and legs). Further, the structure of the conduits 130 can comprise a variety of materials including various plastics, silicone, flexible polymer, aluminum, and/or steel.

[0035]As depicted in the internal configuration of the housing 120 in FIG. 1, the system can comprise a fluid flow generator 150. The fluid flow generator 150 can be configured to move air within the temperature-controlled work surface system 100. The fluid flow generator 150 can comprise one or more motors that can be configured to circulate, transport, and/or convey fluid through the one or more conduits 130. The fluid flow generator 250 can be electrically powered and can comprise a battery that can be used as a power source for the fluid flow generator 250. In various embodiments, the fluid flow generator 150 comprises a fan (e.g., a tangential fan) and/or a cross-flow blower, selected for its ability to produce a wide, uniform band of airflow while operating at low noise levels (e.g., a noise level below 19 decibels). The fluid flow generator 150 can be configured to draw ambient air from the surrounding environment into the housing 120. Once drawn in, the air is directed toward a temperature regulation device 140. The fluid flow generator 150 can be mounted adjacent to or in direct fluid communication with the temperature regulation device 140 for more efficient thermal transfer. In cooling modes, the fluid flow generator 150 may operate independently to circulate ambient air, leveraging evaporative cooling effects on the user's skin. In heating modes, the fluid flow generator 150 is configured such that air is actively pushed across the heating elements to prevent overheating and to distribute warmth via convection.

[0036]The temperature regulation device 140 can be mounted to the one or more inlets 136 of the conduits 130 and is the core component for modifying the temperature of the air. The temperature regulation device 140 can comprise a ceramic heating element (e.g., a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistor). This type of heating element can provide safety benefits, as it self-regulates its temperature to prevent overheating, and allows for rapid heating times. The temperature regulation device 140 can be configured to modulate its output power (e.g., switching between 50 watts, 100 watts, and 150 watts) to provide varying levels of thermal intensity based on user preference. When the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 is active in a heating mode, the air propelled by the fluid flow generator 150 can pass over or through the temperature regulation device 140, absorbing thermal energy before entering the conduits 130.

[0037]The conduits 130 can be configured to distribute air through one or more outlets 138. The conduit system can comprise one or more upper conduits 132 and/or one or more lower conduits 134. This separation allows for a split-flow configuration, where the upper conduits 132 may direct air in a forward direction (substantially parallel to the lower surface 114) to target the user's torso or hands, while the lower conduits 134 direct air downward (for example, at an angle up to 75 degrees relative to the lower surface 114) to target the user's legs and feet. This targeted distribution can result in a more comfortable thermal balance, particularly when the user is in a standing position where the distance between the device and the lower limbs is greater. The internal geometry of the conduits 130, which can be substantially toroid or serpentine in shape, can maintain air pressure and velocity, such that the airflow reaches the user with sufficient force to be effective but without creating uncomfortable drafts.

[0038]Control over these various functions can be managed by a controller 160, which is coupled to the surface member 110 or integrated into the housing 120 in a position accessible to the user. The controller 160 can comprise the control interface 161 and/or the control interface 162 which provide a user interface for the temperature-controlled work surface system 100. The controller 160 may comprise various interfaces including rotary knobs, distinct buttons, or a touch interface that allows the user to select between heating and cooling modes, adjust the intensity of the fluid flow generator 150, and regulate the output of the temperature regulation device 140. For example, the control interface 161 can be used to modify a temperature of the air heated or cooled by the temperature regulation device 140. Further, the control interface 162 can be used to regulate the direction of air that is outputted by from the conduits 132, 134. For example, the control interface 162 can be used to direct air from the conduits towards a user's torso, a user's feet, or a user's torso and feet. Furthermore, the controller 160 may interface with a diverter control device 170 within the housing 120. The diverter control device 170 allows the user to mechanically and/or electronically manipulate the airflow ratio between the upper conduits 132 and lower conduits 134, enabling a transition from 100% forward flow, to a 50/50 split, to 100% downward flow. The controller 160 may also include visual indicators, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), to display the current mode (e.g., red for heat and/or blue for cooling) and operational status. Through the cooperative operation of the housing 120, conduits 130, temperature regulation device 140, fluid flow generator 150, and controller 160, the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can provide an efficient, localized climate solution.

[0039]FIG. 2 depicts a top plan view of a top side of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 shows a layout of the housing 120 as it would appear when mounted to the lower surface 114 of the surface member 110. The housing 120 is shown generally bounded by a perimeter that encapsulates the active thermal and mechanical components, and has a compact form factor that does not encroach upon the user's legroom. In this embodiment, the housing 120 may have dimensions configured to fit within the standard knee-well of various work surface types, including standing desks and adjustable height workstations.

[0040]The inlets 136 can be positioned to draw ambient air from the environment with less resistance. In some embodiments, the inlets 136 can comprise a grilled or perforated interface to prevent the ingress of foreign objects while maximizing air intake volume. The air drawn through the inlets 136 can be acted upon by the fluid flow generator 150 located within the housing 120. While the internal components are shielded, the positioning of the fluid flow generator 150 can be centrally or rearwardly disposed to improve the center of gravity and reduce vibration transfer to the surface member 110. In some embodiments, the fluid flow generator 150, may comprise a direct current (DC) tangential fan, and can be configured to drive air at velocities ranging from 0.20 meters per second to 0.35 meters per second, creating a gentle yet effective breeze that facilitates convective or evaporative cooling without generating distracting noise, maintaining acoustic levels below 19 decibels during operation.

[0041]The outlets 138 can be arranged to discharge conditioned air in at least two distinct vectors. A first set of outlets, corresponding to the upper conduits 132 can be oriented to direct air substantially parallel to the lower surface 114, projecting the air forward toward the user's torso. A second set of outlets, corresponding to the lower conduits 134, can be oriented to direct air downwardly. FIG. 2 illustrates these outlets 138 configured with directional outlets, louvers, or nozzles that allow for the precise vectoring of airflow. For example, the lower outlets can be configured to expel air at an angle between 5 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the horizontal plane of the housing 120, thereby targeting the user's thighs, knees, and feet, which are regions that can be more susceptible to cold in office environments.

[0042]FIG. 2 further illustrates the controller 160, which can comprise the control interface 161 and/or the control interface 162 which can be mounted on the housing 120 including along a front edge or accessible side panel of the housing 120. The controller 160 includes the physical user interface elements, such as rotary knobs or sliding levers, which allow for the manual adjustment of the system's operational parameters. Further, the controller 160 may include a control interface 162, which can be mechanically linked to internal airflow diverters including the diverter 170. The control interface 162 comprises a mechanism that allows the user to modulate the ratio of air exiting the forward-facing outlets versus the downward-facing outlets. By manipulating the controller 160, a user can shift the system from a 100% forward flow (ideal for torso cooling) to a 100% downward flow (ideal for leg heating), or a 50/50 split mix. Additionally, the controller 160 provides the control interface 161 which can comprise a selection interface for the temperature regulation device 140, allowing the user to cycle through distinct power levels, such as 50 watts, 100 watts, and 150 watts for heating, or various fan speeds for cooling.

[0043]The mounting interface of the housing 120 is also visible in FIG. 2. The housing 120 is secured to the lower surface 114 via a plurality of mounting points, such as four screw bosses or bracket receivers, positioned at the corners or periphery of the housing 120. These mounting points can be configured to accommodate non-destructive fasteners, such as wood screws or adjustable strap systems.

[0044]Furthermore, FIG. 2 indicates the positioning of the power management components. A power supply unit (e.g., a 24V, 12 A DC power supply) can connect to the housing 120 via a recessed jack or hardwired connection point located on the rear or side of the unit to facilitate clean cable management. The power system can be integrated with a step-down regulator and voltage pots controlled by the controller 160 to finely tune the output of the heating elements and fan speeds. The temperature regulation device 140 can heat air before the air is expelled, thereby reducing thermal loss within the housing 120 and improving energy efficiency. The layout shown in FIG. 2 can prevent excessive heat buildup within the housing 120, utilizing the airflow generated by the fluid flow generator 150 to continuously cool the internal electronics and the heating element substrate, thereby acting as an active cooling system for the device's own components while conditioning a user's microclimate.

[0045]FIG. 3 depicts a front view of an example temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the housing 120 can have a streamlined, ergonomic form factor that is configured to reduce vertical intrusion into the knee-well space below the surface member 110. The housing 120 can be configured with dimensions that allow the housing 120 to be mounted beneath a work surface (e.g., a standard fixed-height work desk or a variable-height standing desk). The housing 120 can enclose active thermal components, effectively acting as a thermal and acoustic shield, so that the exterior surface remains safe to the touch while dampening the acoustic output of the internal fluid flow generator to levels below 19 decibels.

[0046]FIG. 3 further shows the internal architecture of the one or more conduits 130, specifically distinguishing between the upper conduit 132 and the lower conduit 134, which form the basis of the system's split-flow capability. The upper conduit 132 can be disposed within the upper portion of the housing 120 and is configured to direct a first stream of conditioned air in a substantially horizontal or forward trajectory. This forward-firing path is configured to project air across the underside of the surface member, targeting the user's torso and hands. For example, when the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 is operating in a cooling mode, the upper conduit 132 can facilitate a forward airflow velocity of approximately 0.30 meters per second. This vector is particularly effective for generating a “hand warmer” effect in heating modes or a torso-cooling breeze in cooling modes, addressing the thermal comfort of the upper extremities which can be exposed on the work surface.

[0047]The lower conduit 134 can be disposed beneath the upper conduit 132 and can be geometrically configured to direct a second stream of conditioned air in a downward trajectory. As depicted in the side profile of FIG. 3, the outlet of the lower conduit 134 is angled relative to the horizontal plane of the housing 120, for example, at a declination angle of 5 degrees to 90 degrees. This downward-firing path can target the lower extremities, such as the thighs, knees, and feet. The internal geometry of the lower conduit 134 can be configured to maintain laminar flow and prevent turbulence that could result in noise or pressure drops. In some embodiments, the lower conduit 134 may deliver airflow at a velocity of approximately 0.26 meters per second. This specific vectoring can be effective when the user utilizes a standing desk. When the user stands, the distance between the housing 120 and the user's feet increases, and a targeted, downward projection of heat to bridge the gap can effectively warm the lower limbs via convection.

[0048]The interaction between the upper conduit 132 and the lower conduit 134 is managed by the diverter control device 170, the external interface of which is represented by the controller 160. In the view of FIG. 3, the controller 160 is shown protruding from the front or side face of the housing 120, positioned for tactile access by the user. The controller 160 may comprise a push/pull lever or a rotary dial mechanically linked to an internal louver or baffle system located at the junction of the airflow generation source and the conduits 132, 134. This control interface allows the user to modulate the distribution of air between the two paths. For example, the user may manipulate the controller 160 to achieve a 100% forward flow through the upper conduit 132, a 100% downward flow through the lower conduit 134, or a blended 50/50 split. A louver-style diverter configuration can reduce the probability that airflow is blocked during transition, thereby preventing back-pressure buildup against the fluid flow generator, which could otherwise lead to overheating or mechanical strain.

[0049]Furthermore, the side view highlights the power management integration. The controller 160 can comprise a battery pack (e.g., a rechargeable battery pack comprising a lithium-ion array, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a silicone battery) that can provide energy for the temperature regulation device 140 and/or the fluid flow generator 150.

[0050]Furthermore, FIG. 3 illustrates the mounting orientation of the temperature-controlled work surface system 100. The housing 120 can be secured to a surface member by a series of mounting bosses or brackets integrated into the upper shell of the housing 120, configured to accept wood screws or similar fasteners. As shown in FIG. 3, the power supply, step-down regulators, and fan motor can be recessed toward the rear of the unit, while the delivery nozzles of the conduits 132, 134 can project forward, placing the active thermal zone directly adjacent to the user. This configuration may reduce the moment arm on the mounting points, which can improve the overall structural stability of the temperature-controlled work surface system 100.

[0051]FIG. 4 depicts a rear view of an example temperature-controlled work surface system 100 according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The housing 120 can comprise a shell which protects the internal thermal components from dust, debris, and/or accidental contact. The housing 120 can be molded from a durable, heat-resistant polymer such as Nylon 12 or a lightweight metal like aluminum, materials selected to provide structural rigidity while maintaining a low thermal mass.

[0052]The rear outlet 191 may function as an intake manifold or an auxiliary exhaust. In embodiments utilizing a tangential fan or crossflow blower as the fluid flow generator, the rear outlet 191 can be positioned to draw ambient air into the housing 120 with less resistance. The placement of the rear outlet 191 can be configured to avoid occlusion by the user's knees or the work surface structure itself. Air drawn through the rear outlet 191 can be regulated (e.g., heated by the PTC thermistor elements or accelerated for cooling) before being moved into the split conduit system. The configuration of the rear outlet 191 may include a mesh or grille structure to prevent the ingress of debris while maximizing the volumetric intake required to sustain the preferred airflow rates.

[0053]In this rearward orientation, the rear outlet 191 is visible. The rear outlet 191 can function as a primary air intake for the temperature-controlled work surface system 100. The rear outlet 191 is configured with a larger surface area to reduce static pressure drop as air is drawn into the housing 120. The rear outlet 191 may comprise a series of louvers, a mesh grille, or a perforated panel integrated directly into the sidewall or rear wall of the housing 120. For example, the rear outlet 191 may feature a honeycomb lattice structure that maximizes airflow permeability while preventing the ingress of larger objects, such as cables or office supplies that might be present under a work surface. The positioning of the rear outlet 191 can allow the rear outlet 191 to draw from the cooler, ambient air mass located beneath the work surface, rather than recirculating the pre-conditioned air that has just been expelled toward the user from the front outlets.

[0054]The spatial relationship between the rear outlet 191 and the internal fluid flow generator 150 (shown in FIG. 1) can reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the temperature-controlled work surface system 100. By positioning the intake rear outlet 191 at the rear or side, the noise caused by suction of air can be directed away from the user's ears. The internal geometry connecting the rear outlet 191 to the fan inlet can be sculpted to smooth the airflow, reducing turbulence and resulting in an operational noise floor of less than 19 decibels. When the fluid flow generator 150 is active, a low-pressure zone is created within the housing 120 adjacent to the rear outlet 191, pulling ambient air in. This air is then immediately channeled toward the heating elements. For example, if the ambient room temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, the air drawn through rear outlet 191 is at this baseline temperature before being rapidly heated by the PTC thermistors or accelerated for cooling.

[0055]FIG. 4 shows the mounting interface of the controller 160. While the user-facing controls are accessible from the front or side, FIG. 4 illustrates how the controller 160 can be integrated into the housing 120. The controller 160 housing may protrude slightly or be flush-mounted, depending on the specific embodiment, but it is situated to allow for the routing of control wiring from the user interface to the main logic board located within the rear section of the housing 120. This proximity reduces signal interference and simplifies the internal cable management. The controller 160 is shown in a position that would be roughly aligned with the user's right or left hand when seated, allowing for intuitive adjustment of the diverter control device 170. As the user rotates a knob or slides a lever on the controller 160, internal linkages physically or electronically adjust the baffles between the upper conduits 132 and lower conduits 134.

[0056]Furthermore, FIG. 4 highlights the spatial arrangement of the upper conduit 132 and lower conduit 134 relative to the rear housing geometry. Although the outlets are forward-facing, the rear view indicates the volumetric space required to house the split-flow manifold.

[0057]The rear view of FIG. 4 shows the power and data connectivity interfaces of the system. A power input port 192 (e.g., an input port, configured to receive a 24V DC 12 a supply) can be located on the rear face of the housing 120. This placement allows the power cord to be routed to the back of the work surface, towards a cable tray or wall outlet, keeping the user's leg space free of hanging wires. For example, a 3.0 meter power cord may be connected to the power input port 192, providing sufficient length for height-adjustable desks to move through their full range of motion (e.g., raising and lowering the desk between a standing and sitting configuration) without straining the connection. Adjacent to the power port, there can be a service port or a secondary data connection for diagnostic purposes or for linking multiple units in a synchronized office ecosystem.

[0058]Furthermore, FIG. 4 illustrates the mounting provisions located on the underside or mounting flange of the housing 120. A plurality of mounting bosses or keyhole slots can be distributed around the perimeter of the housing 120. These mounting points can be configured to accept fasteners that secure the unit to the lower surface 114 of the surface member 110. In some embodiments, the housing 120 can be mounted to the lower surface 114 by using magnets, a hook and loop fastening system, adjustable brackets, nuts and bolts, tape, glue, screws, and/or nails. The arrangement of these points can be configured to support the mass of the unit and to withstand vibrations caused by the fluid flow generator 150. By utilizing a four-point or six-point mounting system, the housing 120 is held rigidly against the work surface, preventing and/or reducing rattling or resonance that could contribute to noise. This secure attachment can maintain alignment of the conduits 130.

[0059]FIG. 5 depicts a side view of example conduits of a temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The conduit assembly 130 can be configured to maintain laminar airflow and reduce static pressure drops as the conditioned air transitions from the high-pressure zone near the fluid flow generator to the ambient environment of the workspace. The profile shown in FIG. 5 demonstrates a generally bifurcated or split-path configuration, which allows the temperature-controlled work surface system to independently or simultaneously target different ergonomic zones of a user.

[0060]The one or more inlets 136 are disposed at the proximal end of the conduit assembly 130. As illustrated, the inlet 136 defines a receiving aperture configured to couple directly with the downstream side of the temperature regulation device. The geometry of the inlet 136 can be configured to receive the volumetric output of the fluid flow generator without creating back-pressure that could stall the fan blades or cause overheating of the heating elements. For example, the cross-sectional area of the inlet 136 can be matched to the discharge area of a tangential fan to result in a seamless transition of air. The internal surface of the inlet 136 is preferably smooth and devoid of sharp angles to prevent the formation of turbulent eddies that generate acoustic noise. In operation, as air carrying thermal energy (e.g., heated to 45 degrees Celsius) enters the inlet 136, it is immediately channeled into the distribution manifold formed by the junction of the upper and lower conduits.

[0061]Extending distally from the inlet 136 is the one or more upper conduits 132. FIG. 5 depicts the upper conduit 132 as having a substantially linear or slightly arcuate profile that aligns with a horizontal plane. The primary function of the upper conduit 132 is to deliver a stream of air forward, substantially parallel to the underside of the work surface. The internal diameter or hydraulic diameter of the upper conduit 132 is selected to maintain an exit velocity suitable for reaching the user's torso. For example, the upper conduit 132 can be sized to accelerate airflow to approximately 0.30 meters per second at the outlet. This vectoring can be advantageous in scenarios where a user is seated and performing tasks that leave their hands and upper body stationary. An example of this utility is a user typing on a keyboard in a cold office; the upper conduit 132 directs warm air over the edge of the work surface to create a thermal envelope around the user's hands and chest, mitigating the discomfort of a drafty room without blowing air directly into the user's eyes.

[0062]Diverging from the upper conduit 132 is the one or more lower conduits 134. As shown in the side profile of FIG. 5, the lower conduit 134 creates a distinct downward trajectory. The angle of declination for the lower conduit 134 can be configured to increase the portion of a user's body to which temperature-controlled air is directed. For example, the lower conduit 134 can be configured at an angle of 5 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the lower surface 114. The 5 degrees to 90 degrees angle can increase airflow to the user's knees. The geometry of the lower conduit 134 may include a radiused bend or elbow rather than a sharp corner to preserve the kinetic energy of the air. The lower conduit 134 projects the conditioned air (e.g., air being moved at 0.26 meters per second) downward to bridge the increased vertical distance, thereby contacting a user's calves and feet in warm air.

[0063]The distal ends of the conduits can terminate in the one or more outlets 138. FIG. 5 illustrates the outlets 138 as nozzle-like structures that shape the exiting air plume. The configuration of the outlets 138 may vary to control the spread and throw of the air. In some embodiments, the outlets 138 depicted in FIG. 5 comprise toroid outlets. A toroid outlet configuration allows the nozzle to extend out of the main conduit body, maintaining a constant arc section that helps to focus the air stream into a coherent column rather than a diffuse cloud.

[0064]In some embodiments, the outlets 138 shown in FIG. 5 may represent ball outlets or twist outlets. A ball outlet mechanism would allow the user to manually rotate the nozzle within a socket, providing a few degrees of fine-tuning adjustment to the airflow vector (e.g., angling the flow slightly left or right). A twist outlet configuration might allow the user to rotate the nozzle to throttle the flow or change the dispersion pattern from a concentrated spot to a wide fan. For example, a user wearing a skirt or shorts might prefer a wide, gentle dispersion from the lower outlet to avoid a sensation of intense heat on bare skin, whereas a user in heavy denim might prefer a concentrated stream.

[0065]The material construction of the conduit assembly 130 shown in FIG. 5 is also relevant to its geometry. The walls of the conduits 132, 134 can provide thermal insulation. The thickness and insulating properties of the conduits 132, 134 can cause the heat generated by the PTC elements to be delivered to the user through the outlets 138. The assembly can be molded from a high-temperature polymer such as Nylon 12 or a glass-filled polypropylene. The rigidity of this material can result in the specific geometric relationship between the upper conduit 132 and lower conduit 134 remaining constant even if the material expands and contracts during thermal cycling between heating and cooling modes.

[0066]Furthermore, FIG. 5 reveals the aerodynamic tapering of the conduits. The cross-sectional area of the conduits 132, 134 may decrease slightly as they approach the outlets 138. This tapering can use the Venturi effect to slightly increase the velocity of the air just as it exits the device, enhancing the “throw” distance of the stream. By accelerating the air at the nozzle 138, the system causes the warm air to reach the floor level before convection causes it to lift, thereby adequately warming a user's feet.

[0067]FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of a temperature-controlled work surface system according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The temperature-controlled work surface system 100 is shown comprising the surface member 110, the housing 120 comprising the thermal regulation subsystems, and a base 190 which provides the structural foundation for the entire assembly.

[0068]The base 190 represents the structural framework of the work surface. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, the base 190 is illustrated as a dual-leg support structure. The base 190 can comprise one or more vertical columns or legs that extend from a floor-engaging foot to a supporting bracket or crossbar located beneath the surface member 110. The base 190 can be configured to support the combined weight of the surface member 110, the housing 120, and any equipment placed on the work surface, such as monitors, computers, and peripheral devices. For example, the base 190 can be constructed from high-strength extruded aluminum or powder-coated steel, capable of supporting a dynamic load of up to 120 kilograms. In adjustable embodiments, the base 190 includes internal telescoping mechanisms driven by electric motors, allowing the vertical height of the surface member 110 to be varied, for example, from a sitting height of 90 centimeters to a standing height of 130 centimeters. This adjustability is significant for the operation of the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 because, as the base 190 elevates the surface member 110, the housing 120 moves in unison, maintaining a constant distance relative to the user's torso and hands, while the distance relative to the user's feet changes, necessitating the dual-vector airflow described herein.

[0069]Mounted to the top of the base 190 is the surface member 110. The surface member 110 is the primary user interface for the workspace, defining the horizontal plane upon which work is conducted. As shown in FIG. 6, the surface member 110 comprises an upper surface 112 and a lower surface 114. The upper surface 112 provides the tangible workspace area. The surface member 110 may comprise one or more materials including high-pressure laminate, wood, bamboo, steel, and/or tempered glass. In some embodiments, the surface member 110 may possess specific thermal properties, such as being thermally insulative to prevent the heat generated by the housing 120 from migrating through the substrate and causing hot spots on the upper surface 112 where a user may rest their wrists.

[0070]The lower surface 114 of the surface member 110 can be used as a mounting interface for the housing 120. In the perspective view of FIG. 6, the housing 120 is shown secured to the underside of the work surface, positioned centrally or slightly offset to accommodate the user's seating position. The integration of the housing 120 with the lower surface 114 is configured to be seamless and unobtrusive. The housing 120 is shown located within the “knee well” created by the spacing of the base 190 legs. The low-profile vertical dimension of the housing 120 (e.g., a height of less than 10 centimeters) can preserve leg clearance. If a user crosses their legs or swivels in a chair beneath the surface member 110, the dimensions of the housing 120 can prevent accidental impact. The mounting location on the lower surface 114 can be configured to avoid interference with the structural crossbars or support beams of the base 190. For example, the housing 120 can be positioned forward of a central cross-beam to cause the airflow outlets to be flush with or slightly recessed from the front edge of the surface member 110, which may improve the delivery of conditioned air to the user.

[0071]FIG. 6 also highlights the ergonomic integration of the system. The housing 120 does not hang precariously but is integrated as a cohesive unit with the surface member 110 and base 190. This configuration facilitates cable management, where the power cord for the housing 120 can be routed along the underside of the lower surface 114 and down one of the legs of the base 190, keeping the knee well free of dangling wires. By attaching the thermal source directly to the movable surface member 110 via the base 190, the system can cause the “thermal envelope” (e.g., the zone of heated or cooled air) to travel with the user. Whether the user utilizes the base 190 to lower the work surface for seated work or raise it for standing work, the housing 120 remains in an effective position to deliver air across the torso via the upper conduits and down toward the legs via the lower conduits. This fixed relationship between the thermal source and the user's upper body, regardless of the work surface height, is a key advantage over floor-based heaters or ceiling-based HVAC systems.

[0072]The outlets of the housing 120 (described in previous figures) face outward from under the front edge of the surface member 110, directed into the open space where a user would be situated. The base 190 provides the stability so that vibrations from the fluid flow generator within the housing 120 are dampened and not transmitted to the upper surface 112, thereby preventing disruptions to sensitive tasks such as writing or precision mouse movements. The rigid connection between the base 190 and the surface member 110, combined with the lightweight construction of the housing 120 (e.g., approximately 2.5 kilograms), can result in the center of gravity of the work surface remaining centered, preventing any tipping hazard even when the work surface is extended to its maximum height. Thus, FIG. 6 encapsulates the structural synergy of the temperature-controlled work surface system 100, where the base 190 provides dynamic support, the surface member 110 provides the workspace, and the housing 120 provides the adaptive thermal regulation, with the various components functioning as a single, integrated ergonomic solution. In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can be fully integrated into a desk, table, countertop, and/or other work surface. For example, the temperature-controlled work surface system 100 can be built into a desk, table, and/or countertop.

[0073]With reference to the figures, a temperature-controlled seat 200 will be described in accordance with example aspects of the present subject matter. As discussed in greater detail below, temperature-controlled seat 200 may include features for regulating the temperature in a workspace. The temperature-controlled seat 200 may define a vertical direction V, a lateral direction L, and a transverse direction T. The vertical direction V, the lateral direction L, and the transverse direction T may be mutually perpendicular and form an orthogonal direction system.

[0074]With reference to FIGS. 7-13, a temperature-controlled seat 200 may comprise a base member 210, a backrest member 220, one or more base member conduits 232, one or more backrest member conduits 234, a temperature regulation device 240, a fluid flow generator 250, a controller 260, a control interface 261, a central base region 272, an intermediate base region 274, an intermediate base region 275, a peripheral base region 276, a peripheral base region 277, a lower base region 278, a backrest region 281, a central backrest region 282, an upper backrest region 283, an upper backrest region 284, a backrest region 285, a lower backrest region 286, a backrest region 287, a backrest region 288, a lower backrest region 289, a chair base 290, a base cover 293, a chair seat structure 294, base foam 295, a chair backrest 296, a backrest cover 297, and/or backrest foam 299.

[0075]FIG. 7 depicts a top plan view of a base member and a backrest member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The temperature-controlled seat 200 can be configured to regulate heat via conductive heat transfer through a circulating fluid medium. The temperature-controlled seat 200 can comprise a base member 210, configured to support the buttocks and thighs of a user, and a backrest member 220, configured to support the lumbar and thoracic regions of a user's back. These two primary members are mechanically and fluidly coupled via a junction 202, which serves as a flexible hinge and a conduit raceway, allowing the temperature-controlled seat 200 to articulate and conform to the geometry of various chair types, such as standard task chairs, gaming chairs, or fixed office seating. The temperature-controlled seat 200 can comprise one or more materials including solid and/or flexible materials. For example, the temperature-controlled seat can comprise plastics (e.g., plastic conduits), natural fabrics (e.g., cotton, linen, and/or wool cover materials), synthetic fabrics (e.g., nylon and/or polyester cover materials or foam), metal (e.g., base members comprising steel and/or aluminum), wood (e.g., a backrest member comprising natural wood or engineered wood including particle board). The temperature-controlled seat 200 can be configured in a variety of shapes including a polygonal shape (e.g., square or rectangular), an elliptical shape (e.g., circular), and/or an ovoid shape. In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can comprise one or more of the base member 210 and/or one or more of the backrest member 220. Further, one or more components (e.g., the temperature regulation device 240, the fluid flow generator 250, the controller 260, and/or the control interface 261) of the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be electrically powered and can comprise a battery (e.g., lithium-ion array, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a silicone battery) that can be used as a power source to power and/or operate one or more components of the temperature-controlled seat 200.

[0076]As shown in FIG. 7, the base member 210 and the backrest member 220 can be used as carrier substrates for the active thermal components. These members can be constructed from a high-density foam or similar compliant material that provides ergonomic support without compromising the tactile transmission of thermal energy. For example, the foam may have a density in a range of 36 kg/m³ to 42 kg/m³ and a thickness between 1.0 centimeters and 6.0 centimeters. The foam can be configured such that the embedded tubing does not create uncomfortable pressure points for the user. The foam substrates of the base member 210 and backrest member 220 can be encased in a cover material, such as a wool-nylon blend (e.g., 90% wool, 10% nylon), which offers durability and breathability while allowing the thermal changes from the underlying fluid to permeate to the user's skin.

[0077]Disposed within the base member 210 are one or more base member conduits 232. Further, disposed within the backrest member 220 are one or more backrest member conduits 234. These conduits 232, 234 form a closed-loop network configured to convey a thermal transfer fluid, such as water, glycol, or a specialized non-toxic thermal fluid, throughout the system. Further, the structure of the conduits 232, 234 can comprise a variety of materials including various plastics, silicone, flexible polymer, aluminum, and/or steel.

[0078]The arrangement of the conduits 232, 234 as depicted in FIG. 7 can be configured based on human physiological mapping. The conduit layout can be configured to increase heat transfer in areas of high blood flow or thermal sensitivity while avoiding areas where high pressure is applied by the user's skeletal structure, such as the ischial tuberosities (sitz bones). Avoiding these high-pressure zones can prevent the occlusion of fluid flow and enhances the physical comfort of the user.

[0079]The one or more base member conduits 232 within the base member 210 can be configured to target specific anatomical zones. For example, the tubing pattern may be denser in the anterior region of the base member 210 to target the distal thighs, where femoral artery blood flow can effectively distribute absorbed heat to the rest of the body. In some embodiments, the conduits 232, 234 can be configured using flexible, tangle-resistant materials (e.g., medical-grade silicone tubing) with diameters and spacing that may improve thermal uniformity. The spacing between adjacent portions of the conduits may vary, for example, ranging from approximately 0.8 mm in high-intensity zones to 24.5 mm in peripheral zones, allowing for a granular gradient of thermal output.

[0080]The one or more backrest member conduits 234 within the backrest member 220 exhibit a distinct geometric configuration compared to the base member. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the backrest member conduits 234 may include vertical runs configured to align with the user's paraspinal muscles and spine, areas rich in nerve endings and blood flow. This vertical orientation facilitates effective heat transfer to the core. Additionally, the conduits 234 may flare outward or form horizontal loops in the lower portion of the backrest member 220 to target the kidney area and lumbar region, which can be sources of thermal discomfort in cold environments. By concentrating the fluid path in these sensitive regions, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can induce a sensation of whole-body warmth more efficiently than if the heat were applied indiscriminately.

[0081]In some embodiments, the junction 202 can connect the base member 210 and the backrest member 220. The junction can be configured to route a continuous fluid path between the base member conduits 232 and the backrest member conduits 234 without restricting movement. The junction 202 may comprise a reinforced fabric section or a flexible polymer bellows that protects the tubing as it transitions between the horizontal plane of the seat and the vertical plane of the backrest. This flexibility can cause the flow of fluid to remain uninterrupted when a user alters the angle between the base member 210 and the backrest member 220 by reclining in the seat.

[0082]Although the active pumping and heating mechanisms can be housed in a separate enclosure (to be described in later figures), FIG. 7 illustrates the fluid distribution system. The fluid circulated through conduits 232, 234 is driven by a fluid flow generator (e.g., a low-power pump) and conditioned by a temperature regulation device. In a heating mode, an immersion heating element can heat the fluid (e.g., to a range of 22 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius) before it enters the conduits. Because the fluid retains heat effectively, the system can operate with high energy efficiency, cycling the heater on and off while the fluid continues to deliver warmth via conduction. In a cooling mode, the system may utilize passive cooling. In this operational state, the heating element is deactivated, and the fluid flow generator circulates ambient-temperature fluid through the conduits 232, 234. In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled seat 200 comprises a thermometer that can be used to detect the ambient temperature of the space surrounding the temperature-controlled seat 200. Based on the ambient temperature, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can increase or decrease the heat of the fluid. For example, based on detecting an ambient temperature of 22 degrees Celsius, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can modify a temperature of the fluid in the conduits 232, 234 to a temperature of 23.5 degrees Celsius. The modification of the temperature can be based on an input (e.g., a user input to increase or decrease the temperature of the temperature-controlled seat 200) to the control interface 261, which is described with respect to FIGS. 10, 12, and 13. As the fluid passes beneath the user, the fluid may absorb excess body heat via conduction and transports it away to a heat dissipation area (such as a radiator or heat sink located in the control housing), thereby cooling the user without the need for energy-intensive compressors or refrigerants.

[0083]The layout shown in FIG. 7 also accommodates the integration of sensor technology. The base member 210 or backrest member 220 may include one or more presence sensors (e.g., force-sensing resistors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, infrared sensors, and/or thermal sensors) interwoven with or positioned adjacent to the conduits 232, 234. The sensors enable the temperature-controlled seat 200 to detect when the seat (e.g., the base member 210 and/or the backrest member 220) is occupied. For example, if the sensors can detect that the user has stood up and left the work surface, the controller can automatically pause the fluid flow generator and deactivate the temperature regulation device after a predetermined timeout (e.g., 20 minutes), preserving battery life and improving safety. The temperature-controlled seat 200, as depicted in FIG. 7, can be integrated into new chair configurations or applied as a retrofit solution to existing office furniture.

[0084]FIG. 8 depicts a top plan view of a base member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The base member 210 can be segmented into a plurality of thermal zones, including a central base region 272, one or more intermediate base regions 274, 275, one or more peripheral base regions 276, 277, and a lower base region 278. This zonal mapping can allow for high-efficiency thermal regulation that aligns with the user's blood flow patterns and pressure points.

[0085]The central base region 272 can be disposed along the longitudinal centerline of the base member 210, extending from the rear of the cushion toward the front. This region corresponds to the area of the seat that supports the user's thighs and the path of the femoral arteries. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the conduits within the central base region 272 are arranged in a high-density configuration. For example, the spacing between adjacent serpentine loops of the conduits in this region can be reduced, such as in a range of 0.6 millimeters to 1.0 millimeters. This tight packing can result in thermal output being directed into the large muscle groups of the thighs and the major blood vessels. By targeting the femoral arteries in the central base region 272, the system effectively warms or cools the blood circulating to the rest of the body, thereby influencing the user's overall thermal perception more rapidly than if heat were applied to the buttocks alone. An example of this utility is during a “rapid heat” mode, where the system prioritizes high-temperature fluid flow through the central base region 272 to quickly alleviate the sensation of cold for a user entering a chilled office from the outdoors.

[0086]Flanking the central base region 272 are the intermediate base regions 274 and 275. Specifically, a first intermediate base region 274 is disposed on a left side of the central base region 272, and a second intermediate base region 275 is disposed on a right side. These regions generally correspond to the areas supporting the user's hips and outer buttocks. The physiological mapping utilized in the configuration of FIG. 8 recognizes that these areas have high thermal sensitivity but require less intense heat transfer to achieve a sensation of warmth compared to the thighs. Consequently, the conduit density in the intermediate base regions 274, 275 may be lower than in the central base region 272. For example, the distance between adjacent portions of the conduits in these regions may be in a range of 22.0 millimeters to 27.0 millimeters. This wider spacing creates a gentle, diffuse thermal effect that maintains comfort without creating “hot spots” that could lead to sweating or discomfort during prolonged sitting.

[0087]Extending laterally outward from the intermediate base regions are the peripheral base regions 276 and 277. A first peripheral base region 276 defines the left lateral edge of the active thermal area, while a second peripheral base region 277 defines the right lateral edge. These zones provide structural support for the user's legs and hips but are less significant for active thermal regulation. In some embodiments, the conduit path may extend into these peripheral regions for edge-to-edge thermal consistency, but the fluid routing can be configured such that the fluid reaching these zones has already passed through the central and intermediate regions. Therefore, the fluid temperature in the peripheral base regions 276, 277 is naturally moderated (e.g., slightly cooler in heating mode or slightly warmer in cooling mode) due to the heat transfer that has already occurred upstream. This gradient approach prevents the user from feeling a sharp thermal contrast at the edges of the seat.

[0088]FIG. 8 also shows a lower base region 278 located at the front or distal edge of the base member 210. This region corresponds to the area behind the user's knees (the popliteal fossa). The arrangement of conduits in the lower base region 278 can be configured to account for the high susceptibility of a user's knee area to sweating and discomfort. Accordingly, the routing of the conduits is configured such that the lower base region 278 serves as the return path for the fluid loop. By the time the thermal transfer fluid reaches the lower base region 278, it has exchanged a significant portion of its thermal energy with the user in the central base region 272 and intermediate base regions 274, 275. For example, if fluid enters the central region at 45 degrees Celsius, it may cool to approximately 38 degrees Celsius by the time it reaches the lower base region 278. This temperature drop may cause the area behind the knees to be kept warm but not overheated, preventing the accumulation of moisture that can occur with uniform heating pads.

[0089]The dashed lines in FIG. 8 defining regions 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, and 278 represent the boundaries of the embedded conduit patterns within the foam substrate of the base member 210. The conduits are laid out in a continuous closed-loop serpentine pattern that traverses these zones in a specific sequence. The controller 260 can be configured to drive the fluid flow generator such that fluid enters the high-priority central base region 272 first, then circulates through the intermediate base regions 274, 275, moves to the peripheral base regions 276, 277, and finally passes through the lower base region 278 before returning to the heating/cooling source. This sequential flow path can passively create a suitable thermal gradient across the seat surface without requiring complex valving or multiple independent heating elements.

[0090]Furthermore, the physical construction of the base member 210 in these zones may vary to support the tubing. The foam density in the central base region 272 can be selected to be slightly softer (e.g., closer to 36 kg/m³) to allow the tubing to conform closer to the user's body for maximum conduction, while the foam in the peripheral base regions 276, 277 might be higher density (e.g., closer to 42 kg/m³) to provide structural bolstering that prevents the tubing from collapsing under the weight of the user's legs.

[0091]FIG. 9 depicts a top plan view of a backrest member of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The backrest member 220 can be generally defined by a perimeter that encapsulates a plurality of distinct thermal zones, specifically including a central backrest region 282, a pair of lower backrest regions 286, 289, a pair of intermediate backrest regions 285, 281, a pair of intermediate backrest regions 287, 288, a pair of upper backrest regions 283, 284. The arrangement of the conduits 232 within these regions can be configured based on human anatomy, including the location of major muscle groups, blood vessels, and areas of high thermal sensitivity.

[0092]The fluid circuit within the backrest member 220 initiates and terminates at the central region 282, which can comprise a connection portion located at the bottom center of the backrest member 220. The connection portion of the central region 282 can be configured as a hydraulic interface between the backrest member 220 and the junction 202 (shown in FIG. 7). In this region, the conduits 232 are bundled or routed to transition from the flexible hinge of the base member 210 into the rigid or semi-rigid structure of the backrest member 220. The geometry of the connection portion of the central region 282 can be configured to reduce stress on the tubing during the reclining motion of the chair, so that the flow of the thermal fluid is not constricted even when the backrest member 220 is tilted backward by the user.

[0093]Extending vertically is the central backrest region 282. The central backrest region can be configured to align with a user's spinal column. As depicted in FIG. 9, the conduits 234 in the central backrest region 282 are arranged in a dense, substantially vertical serpentine pattern or a series of tight loops. This configuration can increase the heat in the region of a user's spine which comprises a high density of nerve endings and blood flow. By concentrating the thermal output along the central backrest region 282, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can rapidly influence the user's overall thermal perception. For example, in a heating mode, delivering heat directly to the paraspinal muscles via the central backrest region 282 effectively relaxes the back and transmits warmth to the rest of the body through the bloodstream. Conversely, in a cooling mode, extracting heat from this central axis provides a significant cooling sensation without causing the discomfort of cold air blowing on the neck.

[0094]Flanking the upper portion of the central backrest region 282 are the upper backrest regions 287 and 288. These regions are positioned to align with the user's scapula and the Teres Major and Teres Minor muscles. The routing of the conduits 234 in the upper backrest regions 287, 288 is specifically configured to deflect below the deltoids. This configuration choice can accommodate a user's expected posture. For example, when a user is typing or working at a work surface, they may roll their shoulders forward, which can reduce contact between the deltoids and the backrest. Therefore, routing fluid to the far outer edges of the upper backrest would be thermally inefficient. Instead, the conduits 234 in regions 287 and 288 concentrate thermal transfer on the Teres muscle groups where contact is maintained, which may result in efficient conductive heating or cooling. The tubing density in these regions can be moderate, balancing comfort with thermal intensity.

[0095]Below the upper backrest regions are the intermediate backrest regions 285 and 286, located on the right and left sides of the backrest member 220, respectively. These regions correspond to the area surrounding the user's kidneys. The kidneys are a region of high thermal transfer efficiency due to their role in filtering blood and their proximity to the body's core. The conduits 234 within the intermediate backrest regions 285, 286 form a contracted pattern, which can increase the linear density of the tubing to increase the surface area in contact with the user's mid-back region. Targeting the kidney area is particularly effective for raising the user's core body temperature in cold environments. For example, a user entering a cold office from the outdoors will feel a rapid restoration of thermal comfort as the warm fluid circulates through the intermediate backrest regions 285, 286, radiating warmth into the retroperitoneal space.

[0096]Continuing downward, the conduits 234 extend into the lower backrest regions 283 and 284. The spacing of the conduits 234 in the lower backrest regions 283, 284 can be configured to prevent a user from feeling the texture of the tubing through the padding. For example, the tubing spacing can be widened to approximately 24.5 mm in these high-contact zones to result in a smooth tactile experience while still providing a “heat belt” effect that soothes lower back tension.

[0097]Further, the lower boundary region 289 defines the bottom edge of the active thermal area, situated just above the central backrest region 282. This region can be below the lumbar support curve and has less contact with the user. Consequently, the conduits 234 in the lower boundary region 289 are primarily functional routing paths rather than active heat transfer zones. They serve to return the fluid from the peripheral loops of regions 283, 284, 285, and 286 back to the return manifold in the central backrest region 282.

[0098]The integrated configuration of the backrest member 220 shown in FIG. 9 causes the fluid (e.g., fluid heated to 45 degrees Celsius or cooled to ambient temperature) to be directed where it is most effective. By avoiding areas of low contact (like the outer deltoids) and concentrating on areas of high vascularity (like the spine and kidneys), the system can improve energy efficiency. In some embodiments, the conduits 234 can comprise medical-grade silicone or a similar flexible polymer, embedded within a high-density foam substrate (e.g., 36 kg/m³) that conforms to the user's back. This construction allows the complex serpentine patterns of the backrest regions 281 through 289 to be maintained without tangling or shifting over the lifespan of the product, providing a consistent and ergonomically sound thermal experience.

[0099]FIG. 10 depicts a side view of a chair configuration of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The temperature-controlled seat 200 can be supported by the chair base 290, which can provide a foundational structure. The chair base 290 can comprise a central column, which may house a pneumatic gas lift for height adjustment, and a plurality of radially extending legs equipped with casters. While the chair base 290 provides the mechanical support, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be configured as a retrofit or integrated overlay that conforms to the existing geometry of the chair.

[0100]The base member 210 can be disposed horizontally along the seat pan of the chair base 290, while the backrest member 220 extends vertically along the chair's back support. To maintain the ergonomic integrity of the underlying chair, the base member 210 and backrest member 220 can be configured to have a specific thickness, for example, between 1.0 centimeters and 6.0 centimeters, utilizing high-density foam (e.g., 36 kg/m³ to 42 kg/m³). This thickness is sufficient to encapsulate the internal fluid conduits described in previous figures without creating bulk that would push the user too far forward on the seat or distort the lumbar support curve. For example, the side profile shows how the backrest member 220 maintains contact with the chair's back structure, which can cause the thermal transfer zones to align correctly with the user's spinal and lumbar regions without introducing uncomfortable gaps.

[0101]Suspended beneath the seat pan of the chair base 290 is the controller 260. The controller 260 can be configured to be the operational hub of the temperature-controlled seat 200, housing the heavier and bulkier components such as the fluid flow generator 250 (e.g., a pump that can circulate fluid through the conduits 232, 234), the fluid reservoir, the temperature regulation device 240 (e.g., a thermoelectric device such as a Peltier module, or a resistive heater), and the power source (battery). The fluid flow generator 250 can comprise one or more motors that can be configured to circulate, transport, and/or convey fluid through the conduits 232, 234. The fluid flow generator 250 can be electrically powered and can comprise a battery that can be used as a power source for the fluid flow generator 250. By centralizing these components in the controller 260 underneath the seat, the system keeps the user-contact surfaces (members 210, 220) soft, pliable, and free of hard mechanical parts.

[0102]The control interface 261 can be used to regulate the temperature of the fluid in the conduits 232, 234. For example, the control interface 261 can comprise a nob, dials, and/or buttons that can be used to modify the temperature of the fluid in the conduits 232, 234.

[0103]The controller 260 can have dimensions that fit within the footprint of chair mechanisms. In the side view of FIG. 10, the controller 260 can be secured to the underside of the chair or the base member 210 via a mounting interface, which may comprise adjustable straps, brackets, magnets, glue, tape, screws, or a hook-and-loop fastening system.

[0104]An umbilical or bundled conduit connector extends from the output ports of the controller 260 to the input manifolds of the base member 210 and backrest member 220. This connection is configured with sufficient slack and flexibility to accommodate the articulation of the chair. For example, if the user leans back, causing the angle between the seat and backrest to open, the connecting tubing flexes without tangling or disconnecting. The fluid flow generator located within the controller 260 can drive the fluid up against gravity into the backrest member 220 and circulates it through the base member 210.

[0105]The internal configuration of the controller 260, can be configured to facilitate active thermal management. The enclosure may include intake and exhaust outlets on its lateral or posterior faces to allow for airflow across an internal heat exchanger or radiator. In cooling modes, where the system utilizes passive cooling by circulating ambient-temperature fluid, the heat absorbed from the user's body is transported to the controller 260. Here, a fan within the enclosure draws ambient air in (e.g., from the relatively cooler air mass near the floor) and passes it over the radiator to dissipate the heat before the fluid is recirculated to the cushions. The positioning shown in FIG. 10 may result in warm exhaust air being directed away from the user's legs.

[0106]Furthermore, the side view highlights the power management integration. The controller 260 can comprise a rechargeable battery pack (e.g., a lithium-ion array, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or a silicone battery) that can provide energy for the pump and heating elements. The location of the battery within the controller 260 can allow for easy access for charging or for swapping battery units. This wireless capability, enabled by the on-board power source allows the chair to remain mobile on its casters without being tethered to a wall outlet by a power cord.

[0107]The junction between the base member 210 and the backrest member 220 can act as a flexible hinge. In the side view, this junction conforms to the vertex of the chair. The materials chosen for the cover and the internal tubing (e.g., medical-grade silicone) allow the system to bend at this point repeatedly without fatigue. The side elevation confirms that the installation of the temperature-controlled seat 200 transforms the chair base 290 into a climate control station, delivering conductive heating or cooling to the user's entire posterior chain while maintaining the mechanical functionality and aesthetic silhouette of the original furniture.

[0108]FIG. 11 depicts a top plan view of an example temperature-controlled seat cover according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The base member 210, may correspond to the seat portion, and the backrest member 220 may correspond to the lumbar and thoracic support portion, and can be disposed within a cover material. In some embodiments, the cover can comprise a textile blend selected for its thermal conductivity, durability, and/or breathability. For example, the cover material may comprise a blend of approximately 90% new wool (e.g., Worsted wool) and approximately 10% nylon. The cover material can be configured to be acoustically transparent and/or thermally transparent, allowing the heat or cooling generated by the internal fluid network to pass through to the user with less resistance, while still providing a layer of comfort that masks the rigidity of the tubing.

[0109]As depicted in FIG. 11, the perimeter of the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be bounded by a reinforced edge or piping that maintains the structural shape of the mat. The dimensions of the temperature-controlled seat 200 can result in greater compatibility with a wide range of office furniture. In various embodiments, the total vertical length of the temperature-controlled seat 200 (combining the lengths of the base member 210 and backrest member 220) can be approximately 101 centimeters. The width of the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be configured to fit within the seat pan and backrest frame of standard task chairs without hanging over the edges. Of the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be approximately 46.5 centimeters. Further, the top cushion section (backrest member 220) may have a vertical height of approximately 53 centimeters, providing coverage up to the user's shoulder blades, while the bottom cushion section (base member 210) may have a depth of approximately 41 centimeters, which can result in full thigh support for some users.

[0110]Although FIG. 11 illustrates the temperature-controlled seat 200 with the internal conduits visible (shown in phantom or as a relief pattern through the fabric), the cover is configured to secure these components firmly in place. The temperature-controlled seat 200 can comprise a “sandwich” construction where the serpentine tubing of the conduits 232, 234 is embedded within or placed on top of a foam substrate, which is then enclosed by the cover shown in FIG. 11. The foam substrate, which can comprise a firm foam with a density around 36-42 kg/m³, acts as a stabilizer. In some embodiments, the cover can include relief channels or localized thinning that corresponds to the high-density tubing zones (such as the spinal column area in the backrest member 220), thereby reducing the thermal resistance in these significant heat-transfer regions.

[0111]The cover can be configured with a plurality of attachment points or straps. The straps can comprise webbing (e.g., cotton or nylon webbing) and may feature adjustable buckles or hook-and-loop fasteners. For example, a first set of straps may extend laterally from the backrest member 220 to wrap around the back of an office chair, while a second set of straps may extend from the base member 210 to secure underneath the seat pan. These attachment mechanisms are configured such that the temperature-controlled seat 200 moves in unison with the chair's own mechanics, including when the user reclines or adjusts the seat depth. Additionally, the cover may include a zipper or closure mechanism, which can be located on the rear or underside of the unit (not visible in the top plan view but integral to the cover assembly). This zipper allows for the insertion and removal of the internal foam and tubing assembly. This modularity can facilitate maintenance. For example, if the cover becomes soiled, the internal electronics and fluidics can be removed, allowing the fabric cover to be dry-cleaned or replaced without discarding the entire system.

[0112]FIG. 11 further illustrates the ergonomic zoning of the cover itself. The transition area between the base member 210 and the backrest member 220 is configured as a flexible hinge point. In this region, the foam padding can be thinner or segmented, and the fabric cover may include excess material or a bellows-like expansion zone. In this configuration, when the temperature-controlled seat 200 is placed into a chair where the backrest and seat form a 90-degree to 110-degree angle, the cover does not bunch up excessively or stretch tight, which could otherwise restrict the flow of thermal fluid through the junction conduits.

[0113]Further, the top plan view of FIG. 11 represents the user's visual experience of the product. The cover material can be offered in various colorways (e.g., black, red, yellow, blue, pink, and/or gray) to match office aesthetics or to denote different foam densities or sizes in a product lineup. The surface texture of the fabric shown in FIG. 11 can be selected to provide a non-slip grip, so that the user does not slide forward in the chair.

[0114]FIG. 12 depicts a perspective view of an example of a chair configuration of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. This view demonstrates the temperature-controlled seat 200 in its operational state, where the thermal regulation components are seamlessly mated to the supporting furniture structure to form a cohesive ergonomic unit. The temperature-controlled seat 200 is shown generally comprising the base member 210 and the backrest member 220, which can act as the direct thermal interfaces for the user, and a controller 260 which houses the active mechanical and electrical subsystems. These components can be supported by the structural framework of the chair, specifically the chair base 290, the chair seat structure 294, and the chair backrest 296.

[0115]The foundation of the assembly is the chair base 290, which provides stability and mobility for the system. In the embodiment depicted, the chair base 290 is a five-star pedestal equipped with casters, allowing the temperature-controlled seat 200 to be mobile within the workspace. The chair base 290 supports a central column, which can comprise a pneumatic height adjustment cylinder. This structural arrangement can be configured to function independently of the chair's position. For example, if the chair base 290 is rolled to a different part of the office or the height is adjusted, the thermal regulation components can move together with the user.

[0116]Supported by the central column is the chair seat structure 294. The chair seat structure 294 defines the horizontal platform upon which the base member 210 rests. In this perspective view, the base member 210 is shown conforming to the contours of the chair seat structure 294, covering the area where a user's buttocks and thighs would be positioned. The base member 210 can be secured to the chair seat structure 294 via a mounting interface, which may include a system of adjustable straps, tensioning buckles, or a non-slip friction layer on the underside of the base member 210. For example, the base member 210 may feature lateral straps that wrap around the underside of the chair seat structure 294, to prevent the cushion from sliding forward when the user sits down or shifts weight. The material of the base member 210, as visible in FIG. 12, may comprise a durable, breathable textile such as a wool-nylon blend, selected to facilitate thermal transfer from the internal fluid conduits to the user while resisting the wear and tear associated with daily use.

[0117]Extending vertically from the rear of the chair seat structure 294 is the chair backrest 296. The chair backrest 296 provides the rigid or semi-rigid support frame for the backrest member 220. As illustrated, the backrest member 220 is mounted against the anterior face of the chair backrest 296, positioned to align with the user's lumbar and thoracic regions. The backrest member 220 is physically coupled to the base member 210 at the junction point (the vertex of the seat), creating a continuous thermal mat that hinges to match the recline angle of the chair backrest 296. The attachment of the backrest member 220 to the chair backrest 296 may also be achieved via strapping or an elasticized sleeve that fits over the top of the chair backrest 296. This configuration can cause the thermal zones (e.g., spinal and kidney heating zones) to remain correctly positioned relative to the user's anatomy even as the chair backrest 296 flexes and/or tilts.

[0118]The controller 260, can function as the central command and power unit for the temperature-controlled seat 200. The controller 260 can be connected to the base member 210 and backrest member 220 via a junction (e.g., bundled umbilical or fluid harnesses). This harness transports the thermal fluid from the reservoir and pump within the controller 260, up into the serpentine conduits of the cushions, and back again for recirculation. The placement of the controller 260 directly beneath the chair seat structure 294 reduces the length of tubing required, thereby reducing thermal loss in the transfer lines and improving the overall efficiency of the system. Additionally, the controller 260 can house a power source (e.g., lithium-ion battery array). This on-board power solution can improve mobility because the power source travels with the chair, the user is not tethered to a wall outlet by a power cord, allowing for 360-degree rotation and free movement across the floor on the chair base 290.

[0119]The controller 260 can also comprise an interface for thermal management logic. It may include external outlets or a fan exhaust port to facilitate the dissipation of heat when the system is operating in a cooling mode (where the fluid absorbs body heat and rejects it at the controller level) or to cool the internal electronics during high-intensity heating modes. The mounting of the controller 260 to the chair seat structure 294 is configured to be robust, utilizing mounting points or brackets that can withstand the vibrations of the pump and the dynamic forces of the chair moving. In some embodiments, the controller 260 includes a user-accessible control interface 261 and/or charging port on its side, allowing the user to easily recharge the system or make manual adjustments to the thermal settings if a remote interface is not being used. For example, the control interface 261 can be used to change the temperature of the base member 210 and/or the backrest member 220.

[0120]The temperature-controlled seat 200 can transform a passive chair into an active climate control device. For example, when a user sits on the base member 210, presence sensors located within the cushion (and wired to the controller 260) can detect the user sitting on the base member 210. The controller 260 can then activate the fluid flow generator to circulate fluid through the conduits in the base member 210 and backrest member 220. The heat can be transferred conductively to the user's body through the wool-blend cover of the members, while the mechanical noise of the pump is dampened by the mass of the controller 260 and its location under the seat. This configuration can provide a personalized thermal envelope that addresses the specific comfort needs of the user without altering the fundamental ergonomics or mechanical function of the office chair. In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled seat 200 can be fully integrated into a chair, sofa, divan, stool, armchair, loveseat, recliner, bench, seating apparatus, and/or other body support structure. For example, the temperature-controlled seat system 100 can be built into an office chair or a recliner.

[0121]FIG. 13 depicts a side view of a temperature-controlled seat according to example embodiments of the present disclosure. The base member 210 can comprise the base foam 295, which can provide primary cushioning and/or structural carrier for the conduits 232, 234 within the base member 210. The conduits 232, 234 can convey fluid underneath the base member 210 and the backrest member 220. The fluid can be heated by the temperature regulation device 240 and moved through the conduits 232, 234 by the fluid flow generator 250. The base foam 295 can have a specific thickness and density profile that is configured to balance ergonomic support with thermal conductivity. In various embodiments, the base foam 295 acts as a suspension matrix for the embedded conduits 232, 234 (described in previous figures), preventing the conduits from collapsing under the weight of a seated user while simultaneously masking the tactile presence of the tubing to increase comfort. For example, the base foam 295 can be constructed from a viscoelastic polyurethane foam or a high-resilience foam with a density ranging from 36 kg/m³ to 42 kg/m³. The density of the foam can prevent a user “bottoming out” due to the foam being too soft (e.g., the foam is not dense enough) or creating pressure points on the user's body if the foam is too hard (e.g., the foam is too dense). Further, if the base foam 295 is too rigid, it may inhibit the conductive transfer of heat or cooling to the user's thighs and buttocks. The profile of the base foam 295 shown in FIG. 13 may feature a contoured upper surface that mimics the negative impression of a seated human form, thereby maximizing the surface area contact for thermal transfer. Additionally, the base foam 295 serves an insulating function on its bottom surface; by inhibiting thermal transfer downward into the chair structure, the base foam 295 causes the energy expended by the temperature-controlled seat 200 to be directed upward toward the user, improving the overall efficiency of the device. In some embodiments, the control interface 261 can be mounted and/or embedded (e.g., partially embedded) in the base member 210 including in the base foam 295. Further, one or more portions of the control interface 261 can be disposed in the base cover 293.

[0122]Encapsulating the base foam 295 is the base cover 293. The base cover 293 is the exterior textile interface shown in FIG. 13, defining the aesthetic and tactile boundary of the seat portion. The base cover 293 can comprise thermally conductive fabric, such as a Worsted wool blend (e.g., 90% wool, 10% nylon), which provides natural moisture-wicking properties. In the side view of FIG. 13, the base cover 293 is shown wrapped tautly around the base foam 295, securing the internal components in place. The base cover 293 may include integrated fastening mechanisms, such as zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, or elasticized hems, located on the underside or rear margins, allowing for the removal of the cover for cleaning or maintenance. Furthermore, the base cover 293 can improve the mechanical stability of the system. The friction coefficient of the material selected for the base cover 293 can be high enough to prevent the user from sliding forward during use. The assembly of the base cover 293 over the base foam 295 creates a unified seat module that is both compliant and resilient, capable of withstanding thousands of compression cycles without delaminating or bunching.

[0123]Extending upward from the rear of the base assembly is the backrest foam 299. Similar to the base component, the backrest foam 299 can provide the structural substrate for the vertical portion of the temperature-controlled seat 200. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the backrest foam 299 can be positioned to align with the user's lumbar and thoracic spine. The cross-sectional profile of the backrest foam 299 may exhibit varying thicknesses. For example, the backrest foam 299 can be thicker in the lower region to enhance lumbar support and thinner in the upper region to accommodate the shoulder blades without pushing the user forward.

[0124]One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a temperature-controlled work surface system. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a base. A surface member comprising an upper surface and a lower surface can be mounted to the base. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a housing mounted to the lower surface of the surface member. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise one or more conduits disposed within the housing. The one or more conduits comprise one or more inlets and one or more outlets. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a temperature regulation device mounted to the one or more inlets of the one or more conduits and configured to modify a temperature of air. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a fluid flow generator mounted to the temperature regulation device. The fluid flow generator is configured to draw air into the fluid flow generator and direct a flow of the air into the temperature regulation device and through the one or more inlets to the one or more outlets of the one or more conduits. The temperature-controlled work surface system can comprise a controller coupled to the surface member and configured to control the temperature regulation device or the fluid flow generator.

[0125]In some examples, the base can be configured to selectively move the surface member between a lowered configuration and one or more raised configurations.

[0126]In some examples, the one or more conduits can be configured to be moveable to a first configuration in the lowered configuration. The one or more conduits can be configured to be moveable to one or more second configurations in the one or more raised configurations.

[0127]In some examples, the one or more conduits can be configured to be selectively moveable between a plurality of positions.

[0128]In some examples, at least one conduit of the one or more conduits can be substantially toroid shaped.

[0129]In some examples, a diameter of the one or more conduits can be in a range of 15 millimeters to 35 millimeters.

[0130]In some examples, a distance between the one or more conduits on a first side of the surface member and the one or more conduits on a second side of the surface member is in a range of 300 millimeters to 500 millimeters.

[0131]In some examples, a third side of the surface member can be substantially parallel to a fourth side of the surface member. The third side of the surface member is substantially perpendicular to the first side of the surface member. A distance between the one or more conduits on the third side of the surface member and the fourth side of the surface member can be in a range of 330 millimeters to 390 millimeters.

[0132]In some examples, the one or more conduits can comprise one or more upper conduits that are mounted to the lower surface of the surface member. The one or more conduits comprise one or more lower conduits that are mounted below the lower surface of the surface member and the one or more upper conduits.

[0133]In some examples, a diameter of the one or more upper conduits can be different from the diameter of the one or more lower conduits, a length of the one or more conduits is different from a length of the one or more lower conduits, or a shape of the one or more upper conduits is different from a shape of the one or more lower conduits.

[0134]In some examples, the one or more upper conduits can comprise one or more upper outlets that are configured to convey the flow of the air in a direction that is substantially parallel to the lower surface of the surface member.

[0135]In some examples, the one or more lower conduits can comprise one or more lower outlets that are configured to convey the flow of the air at an angle in a range of 5 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the lower surface of the surface member.

[0136]In some examples, the temperature regulation device can be configured to modify the temperature of the air to a range of 22 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius.

[0137]In some examples, the temperature regulation device can comprise a ceramic heating element.

[0138]In some examples, the fluid flow generator can be configured to convey the flow of the air through the one or more conduits at a velocity of 0.20 meters per second to 0.35 meters per second.

[0139]In some examples, the temperature-controlled work surface system can further comprise a diverter control device that is configured to selectively divert the flow of the air through the one or more conduits.

[0140]In some examples, the diverter control device can be configured to divert the flow of the air through different conduits of the one or more conduits.

[0141]In some examples, the diverter control device can be can be configured to selectively divert the flow of the air in a direction that is substantially parallel to the lower surface of the surface member.

[0142]In some examples, the diverter control device can be configured to selectively divert the flow of the air in a direction that is at an angle in a range of 5 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the lower surface of the surface member.

[0143]In some examples, the diverter control device can be configured to selectively convey the flow of the air in a plurality of different directions comprising a first direction that is substantially parallel to the lower surface of the surface member and a second direction that is in a range of 5 degrees to 90 degrees relative to the lower surface of the surface member.

[0144]One example embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a temperature-controlled seat. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a base member comprising one or more base member conduits disposed within the base member and configured to convey fluid through the one or more base member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a backrest member coupled to the base member. The backrest member comprises one or more backrest member conduits that are disposed within the backrest member and configured to convey the fluid through the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a fluid flow generator coupled to the one or more base member conduits and the one or more backrest member conduits. The fluid flow generator is configured to direct the fluid through the one or more base member conduits or the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a temperature regulation device coupled to the fluid flow generator and configured to modify a temperature of the fluid directed through the one or more base member conduits or the one or more backrest member conduits. The temperature-controlled seat can comprise a controller coupled to the base member and configured to control the fluid flow generator or the temperature regulation device.

[0145]In some examples, the temperature-controlled seat further can comprise a chair comprising a chair base, a seating surface mounted to the base member, or a chair backrest mounted to the backrest member.

[0146]In some examples, the fluid can comprise water and/or glycol.

[0147]In some examples, the one or more base member conduits comprise a first portion disposed in a central base region of the base member, a second portion disposed in an intermediate base region of the base member that is adjacent to the central base region, and a third portion disposed in a peripheral base region of the base member that is adjacent to the intermediate base region. The one or more base member conduits are configured to circulate a flow of the fluid in a closed loop sequentially from the first portion to the second portion, from the second portion to the third portion, and from the third portion returning to the first portion.

[0148]In some examples, the controller is configured to cause the temperature of the fluid in the central base region to be higher than the temperature of the fluid in the intermediate base region. The controller is configured to cause the temperature of the fluid in the intermediate base region to be higher than the temperature of the fluid in the peripheral base region.

[0149]In some examples, the one or more base member conduits in the central base region are arranged in a serpentine configuration that is substantially parallel. A distance between adjacent portions of the one or more base member conduits in the central base region is in a range of 0.6 millimeters to 1.0 millimeters.

[0150]In some examples, the one or more base member conduits in the intermediate base region or the peripheral base region are arranged in a serpentine configuration that is substantially parallel. A distance between adjacent portions of the one or more base member conduits in the intermediate base region or the peripheral base region is in a range of 22.0 millimeters to 27.0 millimeters.

[0151]In some examples, a fourth portion of the one or more base member conduits is disposed in a lower base region of the base member that is perpendicular and adjacent to the central base region, the intermediate base region, and the peripheral base region. The controller is configured to cause the temperature of the fluid in the lower base region to be lower than the temperature of the fluid in the central base region, the intermediate base region, and the peripheral base region.

[0152]In some examples, the one or more base member conduits are configured to convey a flow of the fluid through the central base region before the intermediate base region, to convey the fluid through the intermediate base region before the peripheral base region, and to convey the flow of the fluid through the peripheral base region before the lower base region.

[0153]In some examples, a first portion of the one or more backrest member conduits can be disposed in a central backrest region of the backrest member. A second portion of the one or more backrest member conduits can be disposed in an upper backrest region of the backrest member. A third portion of the one or more backrest member conduits is disposed in a lower backrest region of the backrest member. The controller is configured to cause the temperature regulation device to cause the temperature of the fluid in the central backrest region to be higher than the temperature of the fluid in the upper backrest region and the lower backrest region.

[0154]In some examples, the one or more backrest member conduits in the central backrest region are arranged in a serpentine configuration that is substantially parallel. The one or more backrest member conduits in the upper backrest region are substantially perpendicular to the one or more backrest member conduits in the central backrest region.

[0155]In some examples, a distance between the one or more backrest member conduits can be in a range of 22.0 millimeters to 27.0 millimeters.

[0156]In some examples, the one or more backrest member conduits are configured to convey the fluid through the central backrest region before the upper backrest region, and to convey the fluid through the upper backrest region before the lower backrest.

[0157]In some examples, the base member or the backrest member can comprise foam.

[0158]In some examples, a density of the foam can be in a range of 36 kg/m³ to 42 kg/m³.

[0159]In some examples, a thickness of the foam can be in a range of 1.0 centimeters to 6.0 centimeters.

[0160]In some examples, the base member or the backrest member can be disposed within a cover comprising wool or cotton.

[0161]In some examples, the temperature-controlled seat further can comprise a presence sensor configured to detect an object in contact with the base member or the backrest member. The presence sensor is configured to cause the controller to control the fluid flow generator or the temperature regulation device.

[0162]In some examples, the controller is configured to, based on an input, cause the temperature regulation device to modify a temperature of the fluid to a range of 22 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius.

[0163]In some examples, the controller can be configured, based on an input, to cause the temperature regulation device to modify a temperature of the fluid to a range of 1 degree Celsius to 2 degrees Celsius above the ambient temperature.

[0164]The disclosed technology provides a wide variety of technical effects and benefits. In particular, the temperature-controlled work surface system provides a personalized microclimate solution that enables localized thermal regulation directly at the user's workspace. A primary technical benefit is derived from the split-flow conduit configuration disposed within the housing, which creates distinct upper and lower airflow paths. The upper conduits can be configured to direct air substantially parallel to the lower surface of the work member, effectively targeting the user's torso. Simultaneously, the lower conduits are oriented at an angle that directs air downward toward the user's legs and feet. This dual-vector architecture provides effective thermal coverage regardless of whether the user is seated or using a standing desk, as the downward trajectory bridges the increased vertical distance to the lower limbs in a standing position.

[0165]The temperature-controlled work surface system enables precise user customization through a diverter control device, which allows the modulation of airflow ratios between 100% forward flow, 100% downward flow, or a blended mix, adapting to specific comfort needs. Internally, the conduits utilize toroid and/or serpentine geometries to maintain air pressure and velocity, which allows the air flow to reach the user with sufficient force for convective heating or cooling without generating distracting acoustic noise. The integration of Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors offers self-regulating safety benefits and rapid heating, while the airflow generated by the fluid flow generator actively cools internal electronics before expelling the conditioned air, thereby enhancing overall energy efficiency. Additionally, the system draws air from a rear intake to utilize cooler ambient air from beneath the work surface, preventing the recirculation of treated air and directing intake noise away from the user.

[0166]The temperature-controlled seat utilizes a fluid circulation system to deliver targeted conductive heat transfer, which is highly efficient for regulating body temperature. The disclosed technology utilizes a fluid medium with high specific heat capacity to create a stable thermal reservoir. This fluid results in rapid, uniform heat distribution, eliminating hot spots and accelerating the user's perception of a comfortable temperature (e.g., a target temperature of 43 degrees Celsius). The system features a sophisticated zonal mapping of conduits based on human physiology, enhancing thermal effectiveness. In the base member, conduits are arranged with high density (e.g., 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm spacing) in the central region to target femoral arteries, facilitating rapid systemic warming via blood circulation. Similarly, the backrest member features vertical conduit runs aligned with the spine and dense looping patterns near the kidneys to maximize heat transfer to core areas with high vascularity. In contrast, intermediate and peripheral regions utilize wider conduit spacing to provide a diffuse thermal gradient, which can prevent the formation of uncomfortable “hot spots” or localized perspiration.

[0167]The temperature-controlled seat offers versatile operation, including a passive cooling mode where the fluid flow generator circulates ambient-temperature fluid to absorb body heat and transport it to a controller for dissipation. The integration of a flexible junction between the base and backrest members means that the fluid path remains continuous and is not constricted during chair articulation, such as when a user reclines. The use of high-density foam (e.g., 36 kg/m³ to 42 kg/m³) creates a suspension matrix that prevents conduit collapse under user weight while masking the tactile presence of the conduits and providing improved ergonomic support. The temperature-controlled seat can include presence sensors that automatically deactivate thermal functions when the seat is unoccupied, significantly improving energy conservation. Furthermore, the integration of a battery power source within the under-seat controller allows the chair to remain fully mobile on its casters, obviating the need for tethered power cords.

[0168]While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to various specific example embodiments thereof, each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, can readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, the subject disclosure does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers such alterations, variations, and equivalents.