US20260184986A1 · App 19/551,748

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND DEVICES

Publication

Country:US

Doc Number:20260184986

Kind:A1

Date:2026-07-02

Application

Country:US

Doc Number:19/551,748 (19551748)

Date:2026-02-27

Classifications

IPC Classifications

C09K11/06C07F15/00H10K50/11H10K85/30H10K85/60H10K101/10H10K101/30

CPC Classifications

C09K11/06C07F15/0086H10K85/322H10K85/346H10K85/361H10K85/658C09K2211/1055H10K50/11H10K2101/10H10K2101/30

Applicants

UNIVERSAL DISPLAY CORPORATION

Inventors

RASHA HAMZE, TYLER FLEETHAM, HSIAO-FAN CHEN, STEVEN KIT CHOW, THOMAS GHEBREGHIORGIS, HUONG NGUYEN, HAI T. LE

Abstract

Provided are organometallic compounds. Also provided are formulations comprising these organometallic compounds. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these organometallic compounds.

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Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001]This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/718,660, filed Apr. 12, 2022, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/175,703, filed on Apr. 16, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

[0002]The present disclosure generally relates to organometallic compounds and formulations and their various uses including as hosts and emitters in devices such as organic light emitting diodes and related electronic devices.

BACKGROUND

[0003]Opto-electronic devices that make use of organic materials are becoming increasingly desirable for various reasons. Many of the materials used to make such devices are relatively inexpensive, so organic opto-electronic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices. In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate. Examples of organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting diodes/devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials may have performance advantages over conventional materials.

[0004]OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat panel displays, illumination, and backlighting.

[0005]One application for phosphorescent emissive molecules is a full color display. Industry standards for such a display call for pixels adapted to emit particular colors, referred to as “saturated” colors. In particular, these standards call for saturated red, green, and blue pixels. Alternatively, the OLED can be designed to emit white light. In conventional liquid crystal displays emission from a white backlight is filtered using absorption filters to produce red, green and blue emission. The same technique can also be used with OLEDs. The white OLED can be either a single emissive layer (EML) device or a stack structure. Color may be measured using CIE coordinates, which are well known to the art.

SUMMARY

[0006]In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of

wherein each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W; custom-character

is a single bond or a double bond; X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two; Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′; Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR, CR, CRR′, BR, BRR′, and SiRR′; R^Aand R^Beach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, or R^Bcan be joined or fused to form a ring, wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au; wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands; and wherein the ligand L_Acan be monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate, with the proviso that ligand L_Adoes not comprise a structure of

wherein the dashed lines indicate direct bonds to M.

[0007]In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a formulation of a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of Formula I as described herein.

[0008]In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides an OLED having an organic layer comprising a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of Formula I as described herein.

[0009]In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a consumer product comprising an OLED with an organic layer comprising a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of Formula I as described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010]FIG. 1 shows an organic light emitting device.

[0011]FIG. 2 shows an inverted organic light emitting device that does not have a separate electron transport layer.

[0012]FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show the emission spectra of an inventive compound of the present disclosure and a comparative compound in different media and at different temperatures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A. Terminology

[0013]Unless otherwise specified, the below terms used herein are defined as follows:

[0014]As used herein, the term “organic” includes polymeric materials as well as small molecule organic materials that may be used to fabricate organic opto-electronic devices. “Small molecule” refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and “small molecules” may actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group as a substituent does not remove a molecule from the “small molecule” class. Small molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone. Small molecules may also serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of a series of chemical shells built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter. A dendrimer may be a “small molecule,” and it is believed that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are small molecules.

[0015]As used herein, “top” means furthest away from the substrate, while “bottom” means closest to the substrate. Where a first layer is described as “disposed over” a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layer, unless it is specified that the first layer is “in contact with” the second layer. For example, a cathode may be described as “disposed over” an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.

[0016]As used herein, “solution processable” means capable of being dissolved, dispersed, or transported in and/or deposited from a liquid medium, either in solution or suspension form.

[0017]A ligand may be referred to as “photoactive” when it is believed that the ligand directly contributes to the photoactive properties of an emissive material. A ligand may be referred to as “ancillary” when it is believed that the ligand does not contribute to the photoactive properties of an emissive material, although an ancillary ligand may alter the properties of a photoactive ligand.

[0018]As used herein, and as would be generally understood by one skilled in the art, a first “Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital” (HOMO) or “Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital” (LUMO) energy level is “greater than” or “higher than” a second HOMO or LUMO energy level if the first energy level is closer to the vacuum energy level. Since ionization potentials (IP) are measured as a negative energy relative to a vacuum level, a higher HOMO energy level corresponds to an IP having a smaller absolute value (an IP that is less negative). Similarly, a higher LUMO energy level corresponds to an electron affinity (EA) having a smaller absolute value (an EA that is less negative). On a conventional energy level diagram, with the vacuum level at the top, the LUMO energy level of a material is higher than the HOMO energy level of the same material. A “higher” HOMO or LUMO energy level appears closer to the top of such a diagram than a “lower” HOMO or LUMO energy level.

[0019]As used herein, and as would be generally understood by one skilled in the art, a first work function is “greater than” or “higher than” a second work function if the first work function has a higher absolute value.

[0020]Because work functions are generally measured as negative numbers relative to vacuum level, this means that a “higher” work function is more negative. On a conventional energy level diagram, with the vacuum level at the top, a “higher” work function is illustrated as further away from the vacuum level in the downward direction.

[0021]Thus, the definitions of HOMO and LUMO energy levels follow a different convention than work functions.

[0022]The terms “halo,” “halogen,” and “halide” are used interchangeably and refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0023]The term “acyl” refers to a substituted carbonyl radical (C(O)—R_s).

[0024]The term “ester” refers to a substituted oxycarbonyl (—O—C(O)—R_sor —C(O)—O—R_s) radical.

[0025]The term “ether” refers to an —OR_sradical.

[0026]The terms “sulfanyl” or “thio-ether” are used interchangeably and refer to a —SR_sradical.

[0027]The term “selenyl” refers to a —SeR_sradical.

[0028]The term “sulfinyl” refers to a —S(O)—R_sradical.

[0029]The term “sulfonyl” refers to a —SO₂—R_sradical.

[0030]The term “phosphino” refers to a —P(R_s)₃radical, wherein each R_scan be same or different.

[0031]The term “silyl” refers to a —Si(R_s)₃radical, wherein each R_scan be same or different.

[0032]The term “germyl” refers to a —Ge(R_s)₃radical, wherein each R_scan be same or different.

[0033]The term “boryl” refers to a —B(R_s)₂radical or its Lewis adduct —B(R_s)₃radical, wherein R_scan be same or different.

[0034]In each of the above, R_scan be hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and combination thereof. Preferred R_sis selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and combination thereof.

[0035]The term “alkyl” refers to and includes both straight and branched chain alkyl radicals. Preferred alkyl groups are those containing from one to fifteen carbon atoms and includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, and the like. Additionally, the alkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0036]The term “cycloalkyl” refers to and includes monocyclic, polycyclic, and spiro alkyl radicals. Preferred cycloalkyl groups are those containing 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms and includes cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl, spiro[4.5]decyl, spiro[5.5]undecyl, adamantyl, and the like. Additionally, the cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0037]The terms “heteroalkyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” refer to an alkyl or a cycloalkyl radical, respectively, having at least one carbon atom replaced by a heteroatom. Optionally the at least one heteroatom is selected from O, S, N, P, B, Si and Se, preferably, O, S or N. Additionally, the heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0038]The term “alkenyl” refers to and includes both straight and branched chain alkene radicals. Alkenyl groups are essentially alkyl groups that include at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the alkyl chain.

[0039]Cycloalkenyl groups are essentially cycloalkyl groups that include at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the cycloalkyl ring. The term “heteroalkenyl” as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical having at least one carbon atom replaced by a heteroatom. Optionally the at least one heteroatom is selected from O, S, N, P, B, Si, and Se, preferably, O, S, or N. Preferred alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or heteroalkenyl groups are those containing two to fifteen carbon atoms. Additionally, the alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or heteroalkenyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0040]The term “alkynyl” refers to and includes both straight and branched chain alkyne radicals. Alkynyl groups are essentially alkyl groups that include at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the alkyl chain.

[0041]Preferred alkynyl groups are those containing two to fifteen carbon atoms. Additionally, the alkynyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0042]The terms “aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” are used interchangeably and refer to an alkyl group that is substituted with an aryl group. Additionally, the aralkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0043]The term “heterocyclic group” refers to and includes aromatic and non-aromatic cyclic radicals containing at least one heteroatom. Optionally the at least one heteroatom is selected from O, S, N, P, B, Si, and Se, preferably, O, S, or N. Hetero-aromatic cyclic radicals may be used interchangeably with heteroaryl.

[0044]Preferred hetero-non-aromatic cyclic groups are those containing 3 to 7 ring atoms which includes at least one hetero atom, and includes cyclic amines such as morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, and the like, and cyclic ethers/thio-ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, and the like. Additionally, the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted.

[0045]The term “aryl” refers to and includes both single-ring aromatic hydrocarbyl groups and polycyclic aromatic ring systems. The polycyclic rings may have two or more rings in which two carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are “fused”) wherein at least one of the rings is an aromatic hydrocarbyl group, e.g., the other rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, aryl, heterocycles, and/or heteroaryls. Preferred aryl groups are those containing six to thirty carbon atoms, preferably six to twenty carbon atoms, more preferably six to twelve carbon atoms. Especially preferred is an aryl group having six carbons, ten carbons or twelve carbons. Suitable aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, triphenyl, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, and azulene, preferably phenyl, biphenyl, triphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, and naphthalene. Additionally, the aryl group may be optionally substituted.

[0046]The term “heteroaryl” refers to and includes both single-ring aromatic groups and polycyclic aromatic ring systems that include at least one heteroatom. The heteroatoms include, but are not limited to O, S, N, P, B, Si, and Se. In many instances, O, S, or N are the preferred heteroatoms. Hetero-single ring aromatic systems are preferably single rings with 5 or 6 ring atoms, and the ring can have from one to six heteroatoms. The hetero-polycyclic ring systems can have two or more rings in which two atoms are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are “fused”) wherein at least one of the rings is a heteroaryl, e.g., the other rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, aryl, heterocycles, and/or heteroaryls. The hetero-polycyclic aromatic ring systems can have from one to six heteroatoms per ring of the polycyclic aromatic ring system. Preferred heteroaryl groups are those containing three to thirty carbon atoms, preferably three to twenty carbon atoms, more preferably three to twelve carbon atoms. Suitable heteroaryl groups include dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridylindole, pyrrolodipyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxathiazine, oxadiazine, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, indoxazine, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, phthalazine, pteridine, xanthene, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzofuropyridine, furodipyridine, benzothienopyridine, thienodipyridine, benzoselenophenopyridine, and selenophenodipyridine, preferably dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, imidazole, pyridine, triazine, benzimidazole, 1,2-azaborine, 1,3-azaborine, 1,4-azaborine, borazine, and aza-analogs thereof. Additionally, the heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.

[0047]Of the aryl and heteroaryl groups listed above, the groups of triphenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, imidazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, and benzimidazole, and the respective aza-analogs of each thereof are of particular interest.

[0048]The terms alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heterocyclic group, aryl, and heteroaryl, as used herein, are independently unsubstituted, or independently substituted, with one or more general substituents.

[0049]In many instances, the general substituents are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof.

[0050]In some instances, the preferred general substituents are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

[0051]In some instances, the preferred general substituents are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, aryl, heteroaryl, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

[0052]In yet other instances, the more preferred general substituents are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and combinations thereof.

[0053]The terms “substituted” and “substitution” refer to a substituent other than H that is bonded to the relevant position, e.g., a carbon or nitrogen. For example, when R¹represents mono-substitution, then one R¹must be other than H (i.e., a substitution). Similarly, when R¹represents di-substitution, then two of R¹must be other than H. Similarly, when R¹represents zero or no substitution, R¹, for example, can be a hydrogen for available valencies of ring atoms, as in carbon atoms for benzene and the nitrogen atom in pyrrole, or simply represents nothing for ring atoms with fully filled valencies, e.g., the nitrogen atom in pyridine. The maximum number of substitutions possible in a ring structure will depend on the total number of available valencies in the ring atoms.

[0054]As used herein, “combinations thereof” indicates that one or more members of the applicable list are combined to form a known or chemically stable arrangement that one of ordinary skill in the art can envision from the applicable list. For example, an alkyl and deuterium can be combined to form a partial or fully deuterated alkyl group; a halogen and alkyl can be combined to form a halogenated alkyl substituent; and a halogen, alkyl, and aryl can be combined to form a halogenated arylalkyl. In one instance, the term substitution includes a combination of two to four of the listed groups. In another instance, the term substitution includes a combination of two to three groups. In yet another instance, the term substitution includes a combination of two groups. Preferred combinations of substituent groups are those that contain up to fifty atoms that are not hydrogen or deuterium, or those which include up to forty atoms that are not hydrogen or deuterium, or those that include up to thirty atoms that are not hydrogen or deuterium. In many instances, a preferred combination of substituent groups will include up to twenty atoms that are not hydrogen or deuterium.

[0055]The “aza” designation in the fragments described herein, i.e. aza-dibenzofuran, aza-dibenzothiophene, etc. means that one or more of the C—H groups in the respective aromatic ring can be replaced by a nitrogen atom, for example, and without any limitation, azatriphenylene encompasses both dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline and dibenzo[f,h]quinoline. One of ordinary skill in the art can readily envision other nitrogen analogs of the aza-derivatives described above, and all such analogs are intended to be encompassed by the terms as set forth herein.

[0056]As used herein, “deuterium” refers to an isotope of hydrogen. Deuterated compounds can be readily prepared using methods known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,557,400, Patent Pub. No. WO 2006/095951, and U.S. Pat. Application Pub. No. US 2011/0037057, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, describe the making of deuterium-substituted organometallic complexes. Further reference is made to Ming Yan, et al., Tetrahedron 2015, 71, 1425-30 and Atzrodt et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (Reviews) 2007, 46, 7744-65, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, describe the deuteration of the methylene hydrogens in benzyl amines and efficient pathways to replace aromatic ring hydrogens with deuterium, respectively.

[0057]It is to be understood that when a molecular fragment is described as being a substituent or otherwise attached to another moiety, its name may be written as if it were a fragment (e.g. phenyl, phenylene, naphthyl, dibenzofuryl) or as if it were the whole molecule (e.g. benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran). As used herein, these different ways of designating a substituent or attached fragment are considered to be equivalent.

[0058]In some instance, a pair of adjacent substituents can be optionally joined or fused into a ring. The preferred ring is a five, six, or seven-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, includes both instances where the portion of the ring formed by the pair of substituents is saturated and where the portion of the ring formed by the pair of substituents is unsaturated. As used herein, “adjacent” means that the two substituents involved can be on the same ring next to each other, or on two neighboring rings having the two closest available substitutable positions, such as 2, 2′ positions in a biphenyl, or 1, 8 position in a naphthalene, as long as they can form a stable fused ring system.

B. The Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0059]In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound comprising a ligand L_A, wherein the ligand L_Acomprises a structure of

- [0060]wherein:
- [0061]each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W;
- [0062] is a single bond or a double bond;
- [0063]X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N;
- [0064]the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two;
- [0065]Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′;
- [0066]Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR, CR, CRR′, BR, BRR′, and SiRR′;
- [0067]R^Aand R^Beach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;
- [0068]each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, or R^Bcan be joined or fused to form a ring,
- [0069]wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;
- [0070]wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands; and
- [0071]wherein the ligand L_Acan be monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate, with the proviso that ligand L_Adoes not comprise a structure of

- [0072]wherein the dashed lines indicate direct bonds to M.

[0073]In some embodiments, each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bcan be independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

[0074]In some embodiments, Z can be BR. In some embodiments, Z can be BRR′.

[0075]In some embodiments, each of R and R′ can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylamine, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylamine group. In some embodiments, each of R and R′ can be selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, and their oxy and amine counterparts. In some embodiments, R and R′ can be joined to form a ring. In some embodiments, Rand R′ can be joined to form a 6-membered ring.

[0076]In some embodiments, Y^Acan be O, S, or NR. In these embodiments, R can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. In these embodiments, R can be benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, or thiazole. In these embodiments, one R and one of R^Aor R^Bcan be joined to form a ring. In these embodiments, one Rand one R^Aor R^Bcan be joined to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0077]In some embodiments, both X¹and X²can be C. In some embodiments, one of X¹and X²can be N, and the other C. In some embodiments, both X¹and X²can be N.

[0078]In some embodiments, one of X³and X⁴can be N, and the other C. In some embodiments, both X³and X⁴can be C.

[0079]In some embodiments, moiety A can be a 5-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety A can be imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, or thiazole. In some embodiments, moiety A can be a polycyclic ring structure comprising a 5-membered ring fused to ring W.

[0080]In some embodiments, moiety B can be a monocyclic 5-membered or 6-memebred aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety B can be a polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered aromatic rings. In some embodiments, moiety B can be selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0081]In some embodiments, two adjacent R^Asubstituents can be joined to form a ring fused to ring B. In some embodiments, two adjacent R^Bsubstituents can be joined to form a ring fused to ring A.

[0082]In some embodiments, the metal M can be Ir, Pt, or Pd.

[0083]In some embodiments, the compound can comprise a ligand L_Aof

- [0084]wherein:
- [0085]moieties C, A1, B1, AA, and BB are each independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;
- [0086]Z¹, Z², and Z³are each independently C or N;
- [0087]L is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, O, S, CRR′, SiRR′, BR, and NR, each of R^C, R^A1, R^B1, R^AA, and R^BBrepresents zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;
- [0088]each of R^C, R^A1, R^B1, R^AA, and R^BBis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; any two adjacent R^C, R^A1, R^B1, R^AA, or R^BBcan be joined or fused to form a ring; and
- [0089]the remaining variables are the same as defined with respect to Formula I.

[0090]In some embodiments, R^C, R^AA, R^A1, R^B1, and R^BBcan be each independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

[0091]In some embodiments, L can be a direct bond. In some embodiments, L can be NR. In these embodiments, R can be joined with one of R^A, R^B, R^C, or R^AAto form a ring. In these embodiments, R can be joined with one of R^A, R^B, R^C, or R^AAto form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0092]In some embodiments, Z¹can be N. In some embodiments, both Z²and Z³can be N. In some embodiments, both Z²and Z³can be C. In some embodiments, one of Z²and Z³can be C, and the other N.

[0093]In some embodiments, moiety C can be a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety C can be selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0094]In some embodiments, moiety AA can be a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety AA is selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0095]In some embodiments, moiety BB can be a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety BB can be selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0096]In some embodiments, moiety A1 can be a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety A1 can be selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0097]In some embodiments, moiety B1 can be a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, moiety B1 can be selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, oxazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, benzoselenophene, indene, indole, benzimidazole, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoxaline, phthalazine, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and fluorene.

[0098]In some embodiments, two adjacent R^A1can be joined to form a fused ring. In some embodiments, two adjacent R^B1can be joined to form a fused ring. In some embodiments, two adjacent R^Ccan be joined to form a fused ring. In some embodiments, two adjacent R^AAcan be joined to form a fused ring. In some embodiments, two adjacent R^BBcan be joined to form a fused ring.

[0099]In some embodiments, M can be Ir or Pt.

[0100]In some embodiments, the ligand L_Acan be selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 1:

- [0101]wherein X is independently C, or N;
- [0102]wherein Y_1A, Y_1B, Y_1C, and Y_1Dare each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR_Ci, PR_Ci, BR_Ci, CR_CiR_Cj, and SiR_CiR_Cj;
- [0103]wherein each Q_qpcan be independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 1a:

- [0104]wherein Z_Biand Z_Bjare independently chosen from the general substituents defined herein; and
- [0105]wherein R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cnare each independently selected from the general substituents defined herein.

[0106]In some of the above embodiments, Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be each independently chosen from the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some embodiments, each Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 1b:

[0107]In some of the above embodiments, R_A1, R_Ci, R_Cj, HR_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cncan be each independently selected from the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, R_A1, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cncan be each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 1c:

[0108]In some embodiments, the ligand L_Ais selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 2:

- [0109]wherein all the variables are the same as previously defined. In some of the above embodiments, Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be each independently chosen from the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some embodiments, each Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in LIST 1b as defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cncan be each independently selected from the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cncan be each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in LIST 1e defined herein.

[0110]In some embodiments, the ligand L_Acan be selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 3:


L_A	Structure of L_A

L_A1-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A1-(1)(1)(1) to L_A1- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A2-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A2- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A2- (74)(75)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A3-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A3-(1)(1)(1) to L_A3- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A4-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A4- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A4- (74)(75)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A5-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A5-(1)(1)(1) to L_A5- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A6-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A6- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A6- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A7-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A7- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A7- (74)(75)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A8-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A8- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A8- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A9-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A9- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A9- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A10-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A10- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A10- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A11- (i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A11- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A11- (74)(75)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A12-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A12- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A12- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A13-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A13 - (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A13- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A14-(i)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A14- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A14- (74)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A15-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A15- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A15- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A16-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A16- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A16- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A17-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A17- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A17- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A18- (i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A18- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A18- (74)(75)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A19-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A19- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A19- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A20-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A20- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A20- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A21-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A21-(1)(1)(1) to L_A21- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A22-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A22- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A22- (74)(75)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A23-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A23-(1)(1)(1) to L_A23- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A24-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A24-(1)(1)(1) to L_A24- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A25-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A25-(1)(1)(1) to L_A25- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A26-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A26- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A26- (74)(75)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A27-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A27-(1)(1)(1) to L_A27- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A28-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A28-(1)(1)(1) to L_A28- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A29-(i)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A29- (1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A29- (74)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A30-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A30- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A30- (74)(75)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A31-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A31-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A31-(70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A32-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A32-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A32-(70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A33-(i)(v)(l)(o)(h), wherein L_A33- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A33- (74)(70)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A34-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o)(h), wherein L_A34- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A34- (74)(75)(70)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A35-(v)(l)(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A35- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A35- (70)(70)(63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A36-(v)(l)(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A36- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A36- (70)(70)(63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A37-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A37- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A37- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A38-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A38- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A38- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A39-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A39- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A39- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A40-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A40- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A40- (74)(75)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A41-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A41- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A41- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A42-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A42- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A42- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A43-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A43- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A43- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A44-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A44- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A44- (74)(75)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A45-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A45- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A45- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A46-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A46-(1)(1)(1) to L_A46- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A47-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A47-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A47-(74)(75)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A48-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A48-(1)(1)(1) to L_A48- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A49-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A49-(1)(1)(1) to L_A49(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A50-(v)(o)(h)(r), wherein L_A50-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A50-(70)(63)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A51-(v)(o)(h)(r)(t)(u), wherein L_A51- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A51- (70)(63)(63)(63)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A52-(i)(v)(o)(h), wherein L_A52-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A52-(74)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A53-(i)(w)(v)(o)(h), wherein L_A53- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A53- (74)(75)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A54-(i)(w)(v)(o)(h), wherein L_A54- (1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A54- (74)(75)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A55-(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A55-(1)(1)(1) to L_A55- (63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A56-(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A56-(1)(1)(1) to L_A56- (63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A57-(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A57-(1)(1)(1) to L_A57- (63)(63)(40), having the structure

- wherein i and w are each independently an integer from 1 to 74; v, l, m, and n are each independently an integer from 1 to 70; o, h, r, t, and u are each independently an integer from 1 to 63; and p is an integer from 1 to 40;
- wherein the structure of each each Zi and Zw is defined in the following LIST 3a:

- [0113]wherein the structure of each Qp is defined in the following LIST 3b:

- [0114]wherein the structures of each Rv, Rl, Rm, Rn, Ro, Rh, Ru, Rr, and Rt is defined in the following LIST 3c:

[0115]In some embodiments, the compound can have a formula of M(L_A)_p(L_B)_q(L_C)_rwherein L_Band L_Care each a bidentate ligand; and wherein p is 1, 2, or 3; q is 0, 1, or 2; r is 0, 1, or 2; and p+q+r is the oxidation state of the metal M. In some embodiments, the compound can have a formula selected from the group consisting of Ir(L_A)₃, Ir(L_A)(L_B)₂, Ir(L_A)₂(L_B), Ir(L_A)₂(L_c), and Ir(L_A)(L_B)(L_C); and wherein L_A, L_B, and L_Care different from each other. In some embodiments, L_Bcan be a substituted or unsubstituted phenylpyridine, and L_Ccan be a substituted or unsubstituted acetylacetonate. In some embodiments, the compound can have a formula of Pt(L_A)(L_B); and wherein L_Aand L_Bcan be same or different. In some embodiments, L_Aand L_Bcan be connected to form a tetradentate ligand.

[0116]In some embodiments, L_Band L_Ccan be each independently selected from the group consisting of:

- [0117]wherein:
- [0118]T is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, and In;
- [0119]each of Y¹to Y¹³is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
- [0120]Y¹is selected from the group consisting of BR_e, BRR_f, NR_e, PR_e, P(O)R, O, S, Se, C═O, C=S, C=Se, C=NR_e, C=CR_eR_f, S═O, SO₂, CR_eR_f, SiR_eR_f, and GeR_eR_f;
- [0121]R_eand R_fcan be fused or joined to form a ring;
- [0122]each R_a, R_b, R_c, and R_dindependently represents zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;
- [0123]each of R_a1, R_b1, R_c1, R_d1, R_a, R_b, R_c, R_d, R_eand R_fis independently a hydrogen or a subsituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and
- [0124]two adjacent R_a, R_b, R_c, and R_dcan be fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand.

[0125]In some embodiments, L_Band L_Ccan be each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 4:

- [0126]wherein:
- [0127]R_a′, R_b′, and R_c′ each independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;
- [0128]each of R_a1, R_b1, R_c1, R_B, R_N, R_a′, R_b′, and R_c′ is independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and
- [0129]two adjacent R_a′, R_b′, and R_c′ can be fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand.

[0130]

In some embodiments, the compound can be selected from the group consisting of Ir(L_A)₃, Ir(L_A)(L_Bk)₂, Ir(L_A)₂(L_Bk), Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-II), Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-II), Ir(L_A) (L_Bk) (L_Cj-I), and Ir(L_A) (L_Bk) (L_Cj-II), wherein L_Ais selected from the structures defined herein;

- [0131]wherein k is an integer from 1 to 546, and the structure of each L_B1to L_B546is defined in the following LIST 5:

- [0132]wherein each L_Cj-Ihas a structure based on formula

- [0133]and
- [0134]each L_Cj-IIhas a structure based on formula

- [0135]wherein for each L_Cjin L_Cj-Iand L_Cj-II, R²⁰¹and R²⁰²are each independently defined in the following LIST 6:


L_Cj	R²⁰¹	R²⁰²	L_Cj	R²⁰¹	R²⁰²	L_Cj	R²⁰¹	R²⁰²	L_Cj	R²⁰¹	R²⁰²

L_C1	R^D1	R^D1	L_C193	R^D1	R^D3	L_C385	R^D17	R^D40	L_C577	R^D143	R^D120
L_C2	R^D2	R^D2	L_C194	R^D1	R^D4	L_C386	R^D17	R^D41	L_C578	R^D143	R^D133
L_C3	R^D3	R^D3	L_C195	R^D1	R^D5	L_C387	R^D17	R^D42	L_C579	R^D143	R^D134
L_C4	R^D4	R^D4	L_C196	R^D1	R^D9	L_C388	R^D17	R^D43	L_C580	R^D143	R^D135
L_C5	R^D5	R^D5	L_C197	R^D1	R^D10	L_C389	R^D17	R^D48	L_C581	R^D143	R^D136
L_C6	R^D6	R^D6	L_C198	R^D1	R^D17	L_C390	R^D17	R^D49	L_C582	R^D143	R^D144
L_C7	R^D7	R^D7	L_C199	R^D1	R^D18	L_C391	R^D17	R^D50	L_C583	R^D143	R^D145
L_C8	R^D8	R^D8	L_C200	R^D1	R^D20	L_C392	R^D17	R^D54	L_C584	R^D143	R^D146
L_C9	R^D9	R^D9	L_C201	R^D1	R^D22	L_C393	R^D17	R^D55	L_C585	R^D143	R^D147
L_C10	R^D10	R^D10	L_C202	R^D1	R^D37	L_C394	R^D17	R^D58	L_C586	R^D143	R^D149
L_C11	R^D11	R^D11	L_C203	R^D1	R^D40	L_C395	R^D17	R^D59	L_C587	R^D143	R^D151
L_C12	R^D12	R^D12	L_C204	R^D1	R^D41	L_C396	R^D17	R^D78	L_C588	R^D143	R^D154
L_C13	R^D13	R^D13	L_C205	R^D1	R^D42	L_C397	R^D17	R^D79	L_C589	R^D143	R^D155
L_C14	R^D14	R^D14	L_C206	R^D1	R^D43	L_C398	R^D17	R^D81	L_C590	R^D143	R^D161
L_C15	R^D15	R^D15	L_C207	R^D1	R^D48	L_C399	R^D17	R^D87	L_C591	R^D143	R^D175
L_C16	R^D16	R^D16	L_C208	R^D1	R^D49	L_C400	R^D17	R^D88	L_C592	R^D144	R^D3
L_C17	R^D17	R^D17	L_C209	R^D1	R^D50	L_C401	R^D17	R^D89	L_C593	R^D144	R^D5
L_C18	R^D18	R^D18	L_C210	R^D1	R^D54	L_C402	R^D17	R^D93	L_C594	R^D144	R^D17
L_C19	R^D19	R^D19	L_C211	R^D1	R^D55	L_C403	R^D17	R^D116	L_C595	R^D144	R^D18
L_C20	R^D20	R^D20	L_C212	R^D1	R^D58	L_C404	R^D17	R^D117	L_C596	R^D144	R^D20
L_C21	R^D21	R^D21	L_C213	R^D1	R^D59	L_C405	R^D17	R^D118	L_C597	R^D144	R^D22
L_C22	R^D22	R^D22	L_C214	R^D1	R^D78	L_C406	R^D17	R^D119	L_C598	R^D144	R^D37
L_C23	R^D23	R^D23	L_C215	R^D1	R^D79	L_C407	R^D17	R^D120	L_C599	R^D144	R^D40
L_C24	R^D24	R^D24	L_C216	R^D1	R^D81	L_C408	R^D17	R^D133	L_C600	R^D144	R^D41
L_C25	R^D25	R^D25	L_C217	R^D1	R^D87	L_C409	R^D17	R^D134	L_C601	R^D144	R^D42
L_C26	R^D26	R^D26	L_C218	R^D1	R^D88	L_C410	R^D17	R^D135	L_C602	R^D144	R^D43
L_C27	R^D27	R^D27	L_C219	R^D1	R^D89	L_C411	R^D17	R^D136	L_C603	R^D144	R^D48
L_C28	R^D28	R^D28	L_C220	R^D1	R^D93	L_C412	R^D17	R^D143	L_C604	R^D144	R^D49
L_C29	R^D29	R^D29	L_C221	R^D1	R^D116	L_C413	R^D17	R^D144	L_C605	R^D144	R^D54
L_C30	R^D30	R^D30	L_C222	R^D1	R^D117	L_C414	R^D17	R^D145	L_C606	R^D144	R^D58
L_C31	R^D31	R^D31	L_C223	R^D1	R^D118	L_C415	R^D17	R^D146	L_C607	R^D144	R^D59
L_C32	R^D32	R^D32	L_C224	R^D1	R^D119	L_C416	R^D17	R^D147	L_C608	R^D144	R^D78
L_C33	R^D33	R^D33	L_C225	R^D1	R^D120	L_C417	R^D17	R^D149	L_C609	R^D144	R^D79
L_C34	R^D34	R^D34	L_C226	R^D1	R^D133	L_C418	R^D17	R^D151	L_C610	R^D144	R^D81
L_C35	R^D35	R^D35	L_C227	R^D1	R^D134	L_C419	R^D17	R^D154	L_C611	R^D144	R^D87
L_C36	R^D36	R^D36	L_C228	R^D1	R^D135	L_C420	R^D17	R^D155	L_C612	R^D144	R^D88
L_C37	R^D37	R^D37	L_C229	R^D1	R^D136	L_C421	R^D17	R^D161	L_C613	R^D144	R^D89
L_C38	R^D38	R^D38	L_C230	R^D1	R^D143	L_C422	R^D17	R^D175	L_C614	R^D144	R^D93
L_C39	R^D39	R^D39	L_C231	R^D1	R^D144	L_C423	R^D50	R^D3	L_C615	R^D144	R^D116
L_C40	R^D40	R^D40	L_C232	R^D1	R^D145	L_C424	R^D50	R^D5	L_C616	R^D144	R^D117
L_C41	R^D41	R^D41	L_C233	R^D1	R^D146	L_C425	R^D50	R^D18	L_C617	R^D144	R^D118
L_C42	R^D42	R^D42	L_C234	R^D1	R^D147	L_C426	R^D50	R^D20	L_C618	R^D144	R^D119
L_C43	R^D43	R^D43	L_C235	R^D1	R^D149	L_C427	R^D50	R^D22	L_C619	R^D144	R^D120
L_C44	R^D44	R^D44	L_C236	R^D1	R^D151	L_C428	R^D50	R^D37	L_C620	R^D144	R^D133
L_C45	R^D45	R^D45	L_C237	R^D1	R^D154	L_C429	R^D50	R^D40	L_C621	R^D144	R^D134
L_C46	R^D46	R^D46	L_C238	R^D1	R^D155	L_C430	R^D50	R^D41	L_C622	R^D144	R^D135
L_C47	R^D47	R^D47	L_C239	R^D1	R^D161	L_C431	R^D50	R^D42	L_C623	R^D144	R^D136
L_C48	R^D48	R^D48	L_C240	R^D1	R^D175	L_C432	R^D50	R^D43	L_C624	R^D144	R^D145
L_C49	R^D49	R^D49	L_C241	R^D4	R^D3	L_C433	R^D50	R^D48	L_C625	R^D144	R^D146
L_C50	R^D50	R^D50	L_C242	R^D4	R^D5	L_C434	R^D50	R^D49	L_C626	R^D144	R^D147
L_C51	R^D51	R^D51	L_C243	R^D4	R^D9	L_C435	R^D50	R^D54	L_C627	R^D144	R^D149
L_C52	R^D52	R^D52	L_C244	R^D4	R^D10	L_C436	R^D50	R^D55	L_C628	R^D144	R^D151
L_C53	R^D53	R^D53	L_C245	R^D4	R^D17	L_C437	R^D50	R^D58	L_C629	R^D144	R^D154
L_C54	R^D54	R^D54	L_C246	R^D4	R^D18	L_C438	R^D50	R^D59	L_C630	R^D144	R^D155
L_C55	R^D55	R^D55	L_C247	R^D4	R^D20	L_C439	R^D50	R^D78	L_C631	R^D144	R^D161
L_C56	R^D56	R^D56	L_C248	R^D4	R^D22	L_C440	R^D50	R^D79	L_C632	R^D144	R^D175
L_C57	R^D57	R^D57	L_C249	R^D4	R^D37	L_C441	R^D50	R^D81	L_C633	R^D145	R^D3
L_C58	R^D58	R^D58	L_C250	R^D4	R^D40	L_C442	R^D50	R^D87	L_C634	R^D145	R^D5
L_C59	R^D59	R^D59	L_C251	R^D4	R^D41	L_C443	R^D50	R^D88	L_C635	R^D145	R^D17
L_C60	R^D60	R^D60	L_C252	R^D4	R^D42	L_C444	R^D50	R^D89	L_C636	R^D145	R^D18
L_C61	R^D61	R^D61	L_C253	R^D4	R^D43	L_C445	R^D50	R^D93	L_C637	R^D145	R^D20
L_C62	R^D62	R^D62	L_C254	R^D4	R^D48	L_C446	R^D50	R^D116	L_C638	R^D145	R^D22
L_C63	R^D63	R^D63	L_C255	R^D4	R^D49	L_C447	R^D50	R^D117	L_C639	R^D145	R^D37
L_C64	R^D64	R^D64	L_C256	R^D4	R^D50	L_C448	R^D50	R^D118	L_C640	R^D145	R^D40
L_C65	R^D65	R^D65	L_C257	R^D4	R^D54	L_C449	R^D50	R^D119	L_C641	R^D145	R^D41
L_C66	R^D66	R^D66	L_C258	R^D4	R^D55	L_C450	R^D50	R^D120	L_C642	R^D145	R^D42
L_C67	R^D67	R^D67	L_C259	R^D4	R^D58	L_C451	R^D50	R^D133	L_C643	R^D145	R^D43
L_C68	R^D68	R^D68	L_C260	R^D4	R^D59	L_C452	R^D50	R^D134	L_C644	R^D145	R^D48
L_C69	R^D69	R^D69	L_C261	R^D4	R^D78	L_C453	R^D50	R^D135	L_C645	R^D145	R^D49
L_C70	R^D70	R^D70	L_C262	R^D4	R^D79	L_C454	R^D50	R^D136	L_C646	R^D145	R^D54
L_C71	R^D71	R^D71	L_C263	R^D4	R^D81	L_C455	R^D50	R^D143	L_C647	R^D145	R^D58
L_C72	R^D72	R^D72	L_C264	R^D4	R^D87	L_C456	R^D50	R^D144	L_C648	R^D145	R^D59
L_C73	R^D73	R^D73	L_C265	R^D4	R^D88	L_C457	R^D50	R^D145	L_C649	R^D145	R^D78
L_C74	R^D74	R^D74	L_C266	R^D4	R^D89	L_C458	R^D50	R^D146	L_C650	R^D145	R^D79
L_C75	R^D75	R^D75	L_C267	R^D4	R^D93	L_C459	R^D50	R^D147	L_C651	R^D145	R^D81
L_C76	R^D76	R^D76	L_C268	R^D4	R^D116	L_C460	R^D50	R^D149	L_C652	R^D145	R^D87
L_C77	R^D77	R^D77	L_C269	R^D4	R^D117	L_C461	R^D50	R^D151	L_C653	R^D145	R^D88
L_C78	R^D78	R^D78	L_C270	R^D4	R^D118	L_C462	R^D50	R^D154	L_C654	R^D145	R^D89
L_C79	R^D79	R^D79	L_C271	R^D4	R^D119	L_C463	R^D50	R^D155	L_C655	R^D145	R^D93
L_C80	R^D80	R^D80	L_C272	R^D4	R^D120	L_C464	R^D50	R^D161	L_C656	R^D145	R^D116
L_C81	R^D81	R^D81	L_C273	R^D4	R^D133	L_C465	R^D50	R^D175	L_C657	R^D145	R^D117
L_C82	R^D82	R^D82	L_C274	R^D4	R^D134	L_C466	R^D55	R^D3	L_C658	R^D145	R^D118
L_C83	R^D83	R^D83	L_C275	R^D4	R^D135	L_C467	R^D55	R^D5	L_C659	R^D145	R^D119
L_C84	R^D84	R^D84	L_C276	R^D4	R^D136	L_C468	R^D55	R^D18	L_C660	R^D145	R^D120
L_C85	R^D85	R^D85	L_C277	R^D4	R^D143	L_C469	R^D55	R^D20	L_C661	R^D145	R^D133
L_C86	R^D86	R^D86	L_C278	R^D4	R^D144	L_C470	R^D55	R^D22	L_C662	R^D145	R^D134
L_C87	R^D87	R^D87	L_C279	R^D4	R^D145	L_C471	R^D55	R^D37	L_C663	R^D145	R^D135
L_C88	R^D88	R^D88	L_C280	R^D4	R^D146	L_C472	R^D55	R^D40	L_C664	R^D145	R^D136
L_C89	R^D89	R^D89	L_C281	R^D4	R^D147	L_C473	R^D55	R^D41	L_C665	R^D145	R^D146
L_C90	R^D90	R^D90	L_C282	R^D4	R^D149	L_C474	R^D55	R^D42	L_C666	R^D145	R^D147
L_C91	R^D91	R^D91	L_C283	R^D4	R^D151	L_C475	R^D55	R^D43	L_C667	R^D145	R^D149
L_C92	R^D92	R^D92	L_C284	R^D4	R^D154	L_C476	R^D55	R^D48	L_C668	R^D145	R^D151
L_C93	R^D93	R^D93	L_C285	R^D4	R^D155	L_C477	R^D55	R^D49	L_C669	R^D145	R^D154
L_C94	R^D94	R^D94	L_C286	R^D4	R^D161	L_C478	R^D55	R^D54	L_C670	R^D145	R^D155
L_C95	R^D95	R^D95	L_C287	R^D4	R^D175	L_C479	R^D55	R^D58	L_C671	R^D145	R^D161
L_C96	R^D96	R^D96	L_C288	R^D9	R^D3	L_C480	R^D55	R^D59	L_C672	R^D145	R^D175
L_C97	R^D97	R^D97	L_C289	R^D9	R^D5	L_C481	R^D55	R^D78	L_C673	R^D146	R^D3
L_C98	R^D98	R^D98	L_C290	R^D9	R^D10	L_C482	R^D55	R^D79	L_C674	R^D146	R^D5
L_C99	R^D99	R^D99	L_C291	R^D9	R^D17	L_C483	R^D55	R^D81	L_C675	R^D146	R^D17
L_C100	R^D100	R^D100	L_C292	R^D9	R^D18	L_C484	R^D55	R^D87	L_C676	R^D146	R^D18
L_C101	R^D101	R^D101	L_C293	R^D9	R^D20	L_C485	R^D55	R^D88	L_C677	R^D146	R^D20
L_C102	R^D102	R^D102	L_C294	R^D9	R^D22	L_C486	R^D55	R^D89	L_C678	R^D146	R^D22
L_C103	R^D103	R^D103	L_C295	R^D9	R^D37	L_C487	R^D55	R^D93	L_C679	R^D146	R^D37
L_C104	R^D104	R^D104	L_C296	R^D9	R^D40	L_C488	R^D55	R^D116	L_C680	R^D146	R^D40
L_C105	R^D105	R^D105	L_C297	R^D9	R^D41	L_C489	R^D55	R^D117	L_C681	R^D146	R^D41
L_C106	R^D106	R^D106	L_C298	R^D9	R^D42	L_C490	R^D55	R^D118	L_C682	R^D146	R^D42
L_C107	R^D107	R^D107	L_C299	R^D9	R^D43	L_C491	R^D55	R^D119	L_C683	R^D146	R^D43
L_C108	R^D108	R^D108	L_C300	R^D9	R^D48	L_C492	R^D55	R^D120	L_C684	R^D146	R^D48
L_C109	R^D109	R^D109	L_C301	R^D9	R^D49	L_C493	R^D55	R^D133	L_C685	R^D146	R^D49
L_C110	R^D110	R^D110	L_C302	R^D9	R^D50	L_C494	R^D55	R^D134	L_C686	R^D146	R^D54
L_C111	R^D111	R^D111	L_C303	R^D9	R^D54	L_C495	R^D55	R^D135	L_C687	R^D146	R^D58
L_C112	R^D112	R^D112	L_C304	R^D9	R^D55	L_C496	R^D55	R^D136	L_C688	R^D146	R^D59
L_C113	R^D113	R^D113	L_C305	R^D9	R^D58	L_C497	R^D55	R^D143	L_C689	R^D146	R^D78
L_C114	R^D114	R^D114	L_C306	R^D9	R^D59	L_C498	R^D55	R^D144	L_C690	R^D146	R^D79
L_C115	R^D115	R^D115	L_C307	R^D9	R^D78	L_C499	R^D55	R^D145	L_C691	R^D146	R^D81
L_C116	R^D116	R^D116	L_C308	R^D9	R^D79	L_C500	R^D55	R^D146	L_C692	R^D146	R^D87
L_C117	R^D117	R^D117	L_C309	R^D9	R^D81	L_C501	R^D55	R^D147	L_C693	R^D146	R^D88
L_C118	R^D118	R^D118	L_C310	R^D9	R^D87	L_C502	R^D55	R^D149	L_C694	R^D146	R^D89
L_C119	R^D119	R^D119	L_C311	R^D9	R^D88	L_C503	R^D55	R^D151	L_C695	R^D146	R^D93
L_C120	R^D120	R^D120	L_C312	R^D9	R^D89	L_C504	R^D55	R^D154	L_C696	R^D146	R^D117
L_C121	R^D121	R^D121	L_C313	R^D9	R^D93	L_C505	R^D55	R^D155	L_C697	R^D146	R^D118
L_C122	R^D122	R^D122	L_C314	R^D9	R^D116	L_C506	R^D55	R^D161	L_C698	R^D146	R^D119
L_C123	R^D123	R^D123	L_C315	R^D9	R^D117	L_C507	R^D55	R^D175	L_C699	R^D146	R^D120
L_C124	R^D124	R^D124	L_C316	R^D9	R^D118	L_C508	R^D116	R^D3	L_C700	R^D146	R^D133
L_C125	R^D125	R^D125	L_C317	R^D9	R^D119	L_C509	R^D116	R^D5	L_C701	R^D146	R^D134
L_C126	R^D126	R^D126	L_C318	R^D9	R^D120	L_C510	R^D116	R^D17	L_C702	R^D146	R^D135
L_C127	R^D127	R^D127	L_C319	R^D9	R^D133	L_C511	R^D116	R^D18	L_C703	R^D146	R^D136
L_C128	R^D128	R^D128	L_C320	R^D9	R^D134	L_C512	R^D116	R^D20	L_C704	R^D146	R^D146
L_C129	R^D129	R^D129	L_C321	R^D9	R^D135	L_C513	R^D116	R^D22	L_C705	R^D146	R^D147
L_C130	R^D130	R^D130	L_C322	R^D9	R^D136	L_C514	R^D116	R^D37	L_C706	R^D146	R^D149
L_C131	R^D131	R^D131	L_C323	R^D9	R^D143	L_C515	R^D116	R^D40	L_C707	R^D146	R^D151
L_C132	R^D132	R^D132	L_C324	R^D9	R^D144	L_C516	R^D116	R^D41	L_C708	R^D146	R^D154
L_C133	R^D133	R^D133	L_C325	R^D9	R^D145	L_C517	R^D116	R^D42	L_C709	R^D146	R^D155
L_C134	R^D134	R^D134	L_C326	R^D9	R^D146	L_C518	R^D116	R^D43	L_C710	R^D146	R^D161
L_C135	R^D135	R^D135	L_C327	R^D9	R^D147	L_C519	R^D116	R^D48	L_C711	R^D146	R^D175
L_C136	R^D136	R^D136	L_C328	R^D9	R^D149	L_C520	R^D116	R^D49	L_C712	R^D133	R^D3
L_C137	R^D137	R^D137	L_C329	R^D9	R^D151	L_C521	R^D116	R^D54	L_C713	R^D133	R^D5
L_C138	R^D138	R^D138	L_C330	R^D9	R^D154	L_C522	R^D116	R^D58	L_C714	R^D133	R^D3
L_C139	R^D139	R^D139	L_C331	R^D9	R^D155	L_C523	R^D116	R^D59	L_C715	R^D133	R^D18
L_C140	R^D140	R^D140	L_C332	R^D9	R^D161	L_C524	R^D116	R^D78	L_C716	R^D133	R^D20
L_C141	R^D141	R^D141	L_C333	R^D9	R^D175	L_C525	R^D116	R^D79	L_C717	R^D133	R^D22
L_C142	R^D142	R^D142	L_C334	R^D10	R^D3	L_C526	R^D116	R^D81	L_C718	R^D133	R^D37
L_C143	R^D143	R^D143	L_C335	R^D10	R^D5	L_C527	R^D116	R^D87	L_C719	R^D133	R^D40
L_C144	R^D144	R^D144	L_C336	R^D10	R^D17	L_C528	R^D116	R^D88	L_C720	R^D133	R^D41
L_C145	R^D145	R^D145	L_C337	R^D10	R^D18	L_C529	R^D116	R^D89	L_C721	R^D133	R^D42
L_C146	R^D146	R^D146	L_C338	R^D10	R^D20	L_C530	R^D116	R^D93	L_C722	R^D133	R^D43
L_C147	R^D147	R^D147	L_C339	R^D10	R^D22	L_C531	R^D116	R^D117	L_C723	R^D133	R^D48
L_C148	R^D148	R^D148	L_C340	R^D10	R^D37	L_C532	R^D116	R^D118	L_C724	R^D133	R^D49
L_C149	R^D149	R^D149	L_C341	R^D10	R^D40	L_C533	R^D116	R^D119	L_C725	R^D133	R^D54
L_C150	R^D150	R^D150	L_C342	R^D10	R^D41	L_C534	R^D116	R^D120	L_C726	R^D133	R^D58
L_C151	R^D151	R^D151	L_C343	R^D10	R^D42	L_C535	R^D116	R^D133	L_C727	R^D133	R^D59
L_C152	R^D152	R^D152	L_C344	R^D10	R^D43	L_C536	R^D116	R^D134	L_C728	R^D133	R^D78
L_C153	R^D153	R^D153	L_C345	R^D10	R^D48	L_C537	R^D116	R^D135	L_C729	R^D133	R^D79
L_C154	R^D154	R^D154	L_C346	R^D10	R^D49	L_C538	R^D116	R^D136	L_C730	R^D133	R^D81
L_C155	R^D155	R^D155	L_C347	R^D10	R^D50	L_C539	R^D116	R^D143	L_C731	R^D133	R^D87
L_C156	R^D156	R^D156	L_C348	R^D10	R^D54	L_C540	R^D116	R^D144	L_C732	R^D133	R^D88
L_C157	R^D157	R^D157	L_C349	R^D10	R^D55	L_C541	R^D116	R^D145	L_C733	R^D133	R^D89
L_C158	R^D158	R^D158	L_C350	R^D10	R^D58	L_C542	R^D116	R^D146	L_C734	R^D133	R^D93
L_C159	R^D159	R^D159	L_C351	R^D10	R^D59	L_C543	R^D116	R^D147	L_C735	R^D133	R^D117
L_C160	R^D160	R^D160	L_C352	R^D10	R^D78	L_C544	R^D116	R^D149	L_C736	R^D133	R^D118
L_C161	R^D161	R^D161	L_C353	R^D10	R^D79	L_C545	R^D116	R^D151	L_C737	R^D133	R^D119
L_C162	R^D162	R^D162	L_C354	R^D10	R^D81	L_C546	R^D116	R^D154	L_C738	R^D133	R^D120
L_C163	R^D163	R^D163	L_C355	R^D10	R^D87	L_C547	R^D116	R^D155	L_C739	R^D133	R^D133
L_C164	R^D164	R^D164	L_C356	R^D10	R^D88	L_C548	R^D116	R^D161	L_C740	R^D133	R^D134
L_C165	R^D165	R^D165	L_C357	R^D10	R^D89	L_C549	R^D116	R^D175	L_C741	R^D133	R^D135
L_C166	R^D166	R^D166	L_C358	R^D10	R^D93	L_C550	R^D143	R^D3	L_C742	R^D133	R^D136
L_C167	R^D167	R^D167	L_C359	R^D10	R^D116	L_C551	R^D143	R^D5	L_C743	R^D133	R^D146
L_C168	R^D168	R^D168	L_C360	R^D10	R^D117	L_C552	R^D143	R^D17	L_C744	R^D133	R^D147
L_C169	R^D169	R^D169	L_C361	R^D10	R^D118	L_C553	R^D143	R^D18	L_C745	R^D133	R^D149
L_C170	R^D170	R^D170	L_C362	R^D10	R^D119	L_C554	R^D143	R^D20	L_C746	R^D133	R^D151
L_C171	R^D171	R^D171	L_C363	R^D10	R^D120	L_C555	R^D143	R^D22	L_C747	R^D133	R^D154
L_C172	R^D172	R^D172	L_C364	R^D10	R^D133	L_C556	R^D143	R^D37	L_C748	R^D133	R^D155
L_C173	R^D173	R^D173	L_C365	R^D10	R^D134	L_C557	R^D143	R^D40	L_C749	R^D133	R^D161
L_C174	R^D174	R^D174	L_C366	R^D10	R^D135	L_C558	R^D143	R^D41	L_C750	R^D133	R^D175
L_C175	R^D175	R^D175	L_C367	R^D10	R^D136	L_C559	R^D143	R^D42	L_C751	R^D175	R^D3
L_C176	R^D176	R^D176	L_C368	R^D10	R^D143	L_C560	R^D143	R^D43	L_C752	R^D175	R^D5
L_C177	R^D177	R^D177	L_C369	R^D10	R^D144	L_C561	R^D143	R^D48	L_C753	R^D175	R^D18
L_C178	R^D178	R^D178	L_C370	R^D10	R^D145	L_C562	R^D143	R^D49	L_C754	R^D175	R^D20
L_C179	R^D179	R^D179	L_C371	R^D10	R^D146	L_C563	R^D143	R^D54	L_C755	R^D175	R^D22
L_C180	R^D180	R^D180	L_C372	R^D10	R^D147	L_C564	R^D143	R^D58	L_C756	R^D175	R^D37
L_C181	R^D181	R^D181	L_C373	R^D10	R^D149	L_C565	R^D143	R^D59	L_C757	R^D175	R^D40
L_C182	R^D182	R^D182	L_C374	R^D10	R^D151	L_C566	R^D143	R^D78	L_C758	R^D175	R^D41
L_C183	R^D183	R^D183	L_C375	R^D10	R^D154	L_C567	R^D143	R^D79	L_C759	R^D175	R^D42
L_C184	R^D184	R^D184	L_C376	R^D10	R^D155	L_C568	R^D143	R^D81	L_C760	R^D175	R^D43
L_C185	R^D185	R^D185	L_C377	R^D10	R^D161	L_C569	R^D143	R^D87	L_C761	R^D175	R^D48
L_C186	R^D186	R^D186	L_C378	R^D10	R^D175	L_C570	R^D143	R^D88	L_C762	R^D175	R^D49
L_C187	R^D187	R^D187	L_C379	R^D17	R^D3	L_C571	R^D143	R^D89	L_C763	R^D175	R^D54
L_C188	R^D188	R^D188	L_C380	R^D17	R^D5	L_C572	R^D143	R^D93	L_C764	R^D175	R^D58
L_C189	R^D189	R^D189	L_C381	R^D17	R^D18	L_C573	R^D143	R^D116	L_C765	R^D175	R^D59
L_C190	R^D190	R^D190	L_C382	R^D17	R^D20	L_C574	R^D143	R^D117	L_C766	R^D175	R^D78
L_C191	R^D191	R^D191	L_C383	R^D17	R^D22	L_C575	R^D143	R^D118	L_C767	R^D175	R^D79
L_C192	R^D192	R^D192	L_C384	R^D17	R^D37	L_C576	R^D143	R^D119	L_C768	R^D175	R^D81
L_C769	R^D193	R^D193	L_C877	R^D1	R^D193	L_C985	R^D4	R^D193	L_C1093	R^D9	R^D193
L_C770	R^D194	R^D194	L_C878	R^D1	R^D194	L_C986	R^D4	R^D194	L_C1094	R^D9	R^D194
L_C771	R^D195	R^D195	L_C879	R^D1	R^D195	L_C987	R^D4	R^D195	L_C1095	R^D9	R^D195
L_C772	R^D196	R^D196	L_C880	R^D1	R^D196	L_C988	R^D4	R^D196	L_C1096	R^D9	R^D196
L_C773	R^D197	R^D197	L_C881	R^D1	R^D197	L_C989	R^D4	R^D197	L_C1097	R^D9	R^D197
L_C774	R^D198	R^D198	L_C882	R^D1	R^D198	L_C990	R^D4	R^D198	L_C1098	R^D9	R^D198
L_C775	R^D199	R^D199	L_C883	R^D1	R^D199	L_C991	R^D4	R^D199	L_C1099	R^D9	R^D199
L_C776	R^D200	R^D200	L_C884	R^D1	R^D200	L_C992	R^D4	R^D200	L_C1100	R^D9	R^D200
L_C777	R^D201	R^D201	L_C885	R^D1	R^D201	L_C993	R^D4	R^D201	L_C1101	R^D9	R^D201
L_C778	R^D202	R^D202	L_C886	R^D1	R^D202	L_C994	R^D4	R^D202	L_C1102	R^D9	R^D202
L_C779	R^D203	R^D203	L_C887	R^D1	R^D203	L_C995	R^D4	R^D203	L_C1103	R^D9	R^D203
L_C780	R^D204	R^D204	L_C888	R^D1	R^D204	L_C996	R^D4	R^D204	L_C1104	R^D9	R^D204
L_C781	R^D205	R^D205	L_C889	R^D1	R^D205	L_C997	R^D4	R^D205	L_C1105	R^D9	R^D205
L_C782	R^D206	R^D206	L_C890	R^D1	R^D206	L_C998	R^D4	R^D206	L_C1106	R^D9	R^D206
L_C783	R^D207	R^D207	L_C891	R^D1	R^D207	L_C999	R^D4	R^D207	L_C1107	R^D9	R^D207
L_C784	R^D208	R^D208	L_C892	R^D1	R^D208	L_C1000	R^D4	R^D208	L_C1108	R^D9	R^D208
L_C785	R^D209	R^D209	L_C893	R^D1	R^D209	L_C1001	R^D4	R^D209	L_C1109	R^D9	R^D209
L_C786	R^D210	R^D210	L_C894	R^D1	R^D210	L_C1002	R^D4	R^D210	L_C1110	R^D9	R^D210
L_C787	R^D211	R^D211	L_C895	R^D1	R^D211	L_C1003	R^D4	R^D211	L_C1111	R^D9	R^D211
L_C788	R^D212	R^D212	L_C896	R^D1	R^D212	L_C1004	R^D4	R^D212	L_C1112	R^D9	R^D212
L_C789	R^D213	R^D213	L_C897	R^D1	R^D213	L_C1005	R^D4	R^D213	L_C1113	R^D9	R^D213
L_C790	R^D214	R^D214	L_C898	R^D1	R^D214	L_C1006	R^D4	R^D214	L_C1114	R^D9	R^D214
L_C791	R^D215	R^D215	L_C899	R^D1	R^D215	L_C1007	R^D4	R^D215	L_C1115	R^D9	R^D215
L_C792	R^D216	R^D216	L_C900	R^D1	R^D216	L_C1008	R^D4	R^D216	L_C1116	R^D9	R^D216
L_C793	R^D217	R^D217	L_C901	R^D1	R^D217	L_C1009	R^D4	R^D217	L_C1117	R^D9	R^D217
L_C794	R^D218	R^D218	L_C902	R^D1	R^D218	L_C1010	R^D4	R^D218	L_C1118	R^D9	R^D218
L_C795	R^D219	R^D219	L_C903	R^D1	R^D219	L_C1011	R^D4	R^D219	L_C1119	R^D9	R^D219
L_C796	R^D220	R^D220	L_C904	R^D1	R^D220	L_C1012	R^D4	R^D220	L_C1120	R^D9	R^D220
L_C797	R^D221	R^D221	L_C905	R^D1	R^D221	L_C1013	R^D4	R^D221	L_C1121	R^D9	R^D221
L_C798	R^D222	R^D222	L_C906	R^D1	R^D222	L_C1014	R^D4	R^D222	L_C1122	R^D9	R^D222
L_C799	R^D223	R^D223	L_C907	R^D1	R^D223	L_C1015	R^D4	R^D223	L_C1123	R^D9	R^D223
L_C800	R^D224	R^D224	L_C908	R^D1	R^D224	L_C1016	R^D4	R^D224	L_C1124	R^D9	R^D224
L_C801	R^D225	R^D225	L_C909	R^D1	R^D225	L_C1017	R^D4	R^D225	L_C1125	R^D9	R^D225
L_C802	R^D226	R^D226	L_C910	R^D1	R^D226	L_C1018	R^D4	R^D226	L_C1126	R^D9	R^D226
L_C803	R^D227	R^D227	L_C911	R^D1	R^D227	L_C1019	R^D4	R^D227	L_C1127	R^D9	R^D227
L_C804	R^D228	R^D228	L_C912	R^D1	R^D228	L_C1020	R^D4	R^D228	L_C1128	R^D9	R^D228
L_C805	R^D229	R^D229	L_C913	R^D1	R^D229	L_C1021	R^D4	R^D229	L_C1129	R^D9	R^D229
L_C806	R^D230	R^D230	L_C914	R^D1	R^D230	L_C1022	R^D4	R^D230	L_C1130	R^D9	R^D230
L_C807	R^D231	R^D231	L_C915	R^D1	R^D231	L_C1023	R^D4	R^D231	L_C1131	R^D9	R^D231
L_C808	R^D232	R^D232	L_C916	R^D1	R^D232	L_C1024	R^D4	R^D232	L_C1132	R^D9	R^D232
L_C809	R^D233	R^D233	L_C917	R^D1	R^D233	L_C1025	R^D4	R^D233	L_C1133	R^D9	R^D233
L_C810	R^D234	R^D234	L_C918	R^D1	R^D234	L_C1026	R^D4	R^D234	L_C1134	R^D9	R^D234
L_C811	R^D235	R^D235	L_C919	R^D1	R^D235	L_C1027	R^D4	R^D235	L_C1135	R^D9	R^D235
L_C812	R^D236	R^D236	L_C920	R^D1	R^D236	L_C1028	R^D4	R^D236	L_C1136	R^D9	R^D236
L_C813	R^D237	R^D237	L_C921	R^D1	R^D237	L_C1029	R^D4	R^D237	L_C1137	R^D9	R^D237
L_C814	R^D238	R^D238	L_C922	R^D1	R^D238	L_C1030	R^D4	R^D238	L_C1138	R^D9	R^D238
L_C815	R^D239	R^D239	L_C923	R^D1	R^D239	L_C1031	R^D4	R^D239	L_C1139	R^D9	R^D239
L_C816	R^D240	R^D240	L_C924	R^D1	R^D240	L_C1032	R^D4	R^D240	L_C1140	R^D9	R^D240
L_C817	R^D241	R^D241	L_C925	R^D1	R^D241	L_C1033	R^D4	R^D241	L_C1141	R^D9	R^D241
L_C818	R^D242	R^D242	L_C926	R^D1	R^D242	L_C1034	R^D4	R^D242	L_C1142	R^D9	R^D242
L_C819	R^D243	R^D243	L_C927	R^D1	R^D243	L_C1035	R^D4	R^D243	L_C1143	R^D9	R^D243
L_C820	R^D244	R^D244	L_C928	R^D1	R^D244	L_C1036	R^D4	R^D244	L_C1144	R^D9	R^D244
L_C821	R^D245	R^D245	L_C929	R^D1	R^D245	L_C1037	R^D4	R^D243	L_C1145	R^D9	R^D245
L_C822	R^D246	R^D246	L_C930	R^D1	R^D246	L_C1038	R^D4	R^D246	L_C1146	R^D9	R^D246
L_C823	R^D17	R^D193	L_C931	R^D50	R^D193	L_C1039	R^D145	R^D193	L_C1147	R^D168	R^D193
L_C824	R^D17	R^D194	L_C932	R^D50	R^D194	L_C1040	R^D145	R^D194	L_C1148	R^D168	R^D194
L_C825	R^D17	R^D195	L_C933	R^D50	R^D195	L_C1041	R^D145	R^D195	L_C1149	R^D168	R^D195
L_C826	R^D17	R^D196	L_C934	R^D50	R^D196	L_C1042	R^D145	R^D196	L_C1150	R^D168	R^D196
L_C827	R^D17	R^D197	L_C935	R^D50	R^D197	L_C1043	R^D145	R^D197	L_C1151	R^D168	R^D197
L_C828	R^D17	R^D198	L_C936	R^D50	R^D198	L_C1044	R^D145	R^D198	L_C1152	R^D168	R^D198
L_C829	R^D17	R^D199	L_C937	R^D50	R^D199	L_C1045	R^D145	R^D199	L_C1153	R^D168	R^D199
L_C830	R^D17	R^D200	L_C938	R^D50	R^D200	L_C1046	R^D145	R^D200	L_C1154	R^D168	R^D200
L_C831	R^D17	R^D201	L_C939	R^D50	R^D201	L_C1047	R^D145	R^D201	L_C1155	R^D168	R^D201
L_C832	R^D17	R^D202	L_C940	R^D50	R^D202	L_C1048	R^D145	R^D202	L_C1156	R^D168	R^D202
L_C833	R^D17	R^D203	L_C941	R^D50	R^D203	L_C1049	R^D145	R^D203	L_C1157	R^D168	R^D203
L_C834	R^D17	R^D204	L_C942	R^D50	R^D204	L_C1050	R^D145	R^D204	L_C1158	R^D168	R^D204
L_C835	R^D17	R^D205	L_C943	R^D50	R^D205	L_C1051	R^D145	R^D205	L_C1159	R^D168	R^D205
L_C836	R^D17	R^D206	L_C944	R^D50	R^D206	L_C1052	R^D145	R^D206	L_C1160	R^D168	R^D206
L_C837	R^D17	R^D207	L_C945	R^D50	R^D207	L_C1053	R^D145	R^D207	L_C1161	R^D168	R^D207
L_C838	R^D17	R^D208	L_C946	R^D50	R^D208	L_C1054	R^D145	R^D208	L_C1162	R^D168	R^D208
L_C839	R^D17	R^D209	L_C947	R^D50	R^D209	L_C1055	R^D145	R^D209	L_C1163	R^D168	R^D209
L_C840	R^D17	R^D210	L_C948	R^D50	R^D210	L_C1056	R^D145	R^D210	L_C1164	R^D168	R^D210
L_C841	R^D17	R^D211	L_C949	R^D50	R^D211	L_C1057	R^D145	R^D211	L_C1165	R^D168	R^D211
L_C842	R^D17	R^D212	L_C950	R^D50	R^D212	L_C1058	R^D145	R^D212	L_C1166	R^D168	R^D212
L_C843	R^D17	R^D213	L_C951	R^D50	R^D213	L_C1059	R^D145	R^D213	L_C1167	R^D168	R^D213
L_C844	R^D17	R^D214	L_C952	R^D50	R^D214	L_C1060	R^D145	R^D214	L_C1168	R^D168	R^D214
L_C845	R^D17	R^D215	L_C953	R^D50	R^D215	L_C1061	R^D145	R^D215	L_C1169	R^D168	R^D215
L_C846	R^D17	R^D216	L_C954	R^D50	R^D216	L_C1062	R^D145	R^D216	L_C1170	R^D168	R^D216
L_C847	R^D17	R^D217	L_C955	R^D50	R^D217	L_C1063	R^D145	R^D217	L_C1171	R^D168	R^D217
L_C848	R^D17	R^D218	L_C956	R^D50	R^D218	L_C1064	R^D145	R^D218	L_C1172	R^D168	R^D218
L_C849	R^D17	R^D219	L_C957	R^D50	R^D219	L_C1065	R^D145	R^D219	L_C1173	R^D168	R^D219
L_C850	R^D17	R^D220	L_C958	R^D50	R^D220	L_C1066	R^D145	R^D220	L_C1174	R^D168	R^D220
L_C851	R^D17	R^D221	L_C959	R^D50	R^D221	L_C1067	R^D145	R^D221	L_C1175	R^D168	R^D221
L_C852	R^D17	R^D222	L_C960	R^D50	R^D222	L_C1068	R^D145	R^D222	L_C1176	R^D168	R^D222
L_C853	R^D17	R^D223	L_C961	R^D50	R^D223	L_C1069	R^D145	R^D223	L_C1177	R^D168	R^D223
L_C854	R^D17	R^D224	L_C962	R^D50	R^D224	L_C1070	R^D145	R^D224	L_C1178	R^D168	R^D224
L_C855	R^D17	R^D225	L_C963	R^D50	R^D225	L_C1071	R^D145	R^D225	L_C1179	R^D168	R^D225
L_C856	R^D17	R^D226	L_C964	R^D50	R^D226	L_C1072	R^D145	R^D226	L_C1180	R^D168	R^D226
L_C857	R^D17	R^D227	L_C965	R^D50	R^D227	L_C1073	R^D145	R^D227	L_C1181	R^D168	R^D227
L_C858	R^D17	R^D228	L_C966	R^D50	R^D228	L_C1074	R^D145	R^D228	L_C1182	R^D168	R^D228
L_C859	R^D17	R^D229	L_C967	R^D50	R^D229	L_C1075	R^D145	R^D229	L_C1183	R^D168	R^D229
L_C860	R^D17	R^D230	L_C968	R^D50	R^D230	L_C1076	R^D145	R^D230	L_C1184	R^D168	R^D230
L_C861	R^D17	R^D231	L_C969	R^D50	R^D231	L_C1077	R^D145	R^D231	L_C1185	R^D168	R^D231
L_C862	R^D17	R^D232	L_C970	R^D50	R^D232	L_C1078	R^D145	R^D232	L_C1186	R^D168	R^D232
L_C863	R^D17	R^D233	L_C971	R^D50	R^D233	L_C1079	R^D145	R^D233	L_C1187	R^D168	R^D233
L_C864	R^D17	R^D234	L_C972	R^D50	R^D234	L_C1080	R^D145	R^D234	L_C1188	R^D168	R^D234
L_C865	R^D17	R^D235	L_C973	R^D50	R^D235	L_C1081	R^D145	R^D235	L_C1189	R^D168	R^D235
L_C866	R^D17	R^D236	L_C974	R^D50	R^D236	L_C1082	R^D145	R^D236	L_C1190	R^D168	R^D236
L_C867	R^D17	R^D237	L_C975	R^D50	R^D237	L_C1083	R^D145	R^D237	L_C1191	R^D168	R^D237
L_C868	R^D17	R^D238	L_C976	R^D50	R^D238	L_C1084	R^D145	R^D238	L_C1192	R^D168	R^D238
L_C869	R^D17	R^D239	L_C977	R^D50	R^D239	L_C1085	R^D145	R^D239	L_C1193	R^D168	R^D239
L_C870	R^D17	R^D240	L_C978	R^D50	R^D240	L_C1086	R^D145	R^D240	L_C1194	R^D168	R^D240
L_C871	R^D17	R^D241	L_C979	R^D50	R^D241	L_C1087	R^D145	R^D241	L_C1195	R^D168	R^D241
L_C872	R^D17	R^D242	L_C980	R^D50	R^D242	L_C1088	R^D145	R^D242	L_C1196	R^D168	R^D242
L_C873	R^D17	R^D243	L_C981	R^D50	R^D243	L_C1089	R^D145	R^D243	L_C1197	R^D168	R^D243
L_C874	R^D17	R^D244	L_C982	R^D50	R^D244	L_C1090	R^D145	R^D244	L_C1198	R^D168	R^D244
L_C875	R^D17	R^D245	L_C983	R^D50	R^D245	L_C1091	R^D145	R^D245	L_C1199	R^D168	R^D245
L_C876	R^D17	R^D246	L_C984	R^D50	R^D246	L_C1092	R^D145	R^D246	L_C1200	R^D168	R^D246
L_C1201	R^D10	R^D193	L_C1255	R^D55	R^D193	L_C1309	R^D37	R^D193	L_C1363	R^D143	R^D193
L_C1202	R^D10	R^D194	L_C1256	R^D55	R^D194	L_C1310	R^D37	R^D194	L_C1364	R^D143	R^D194
L_C1203	R^D10	R^D195	L_C1257	R^D55	R^D195	L_C1311	R^D37	R^D195	L_C1365	R^D143	R^D195
L_C1204	R^D10	R^D196	L_C1258	R^D55	R^D196	L_C1312	R^D37	R^D196	L_C1366	R^D143	R^D196
L_C1205	R^D10	R^D197	L_C1259	R^D55	R^D197	L_C1313	R^D37	R^D197	L_C1367	R^D143	R^D197
L_C1206	R^D10	R^D198	L_C1260	R^D55	R^D198	L_C1314	R^D37	R^D198	L_C1368	R^D143	R^D198
L_C1207	R^D10	R^D199	L_C1261	R^D55	R^D199	L_C1315	R^D37	R^D199	L_C1369	R^D143	R^D199
L_C1208	R^D10	R^D200	L_C1262	R^D55	R^D200	L_C1316	R^D37	R^D200	L_C1370	R^D143	R^D200
L_C1209	R^D10	R^D201	L_C1263	R^D55	R^D201	L_C1317	R^D37	R^D201	L_C1371	R^D143	R^D201
L_C1210	R^D10	R^D202	L_C1264	R^D55	R^D202	L_C1318	R^D37	R^D202	L_C1372	R^D143	R^D202
L_C1211	R^D10	R^D203	L_C1265	R^D55	R^D203	L_C1319	R^D37	R^D203	L_C1373	R^D143	R^D203
L_C1212	R^D10	R^D204	L_C1266	R^D55	R^D204	L_C1320	R^D37	R^D204	L_C1374	R^D143	R^D204
L_C1213	R^D10	R^D205	L_C1267	R^D55	R^D205	L_C1321	R^D37	R^D205	L_C1375	R^D143	R^D205
L_C1214	R^D10	R^D206	L_C1268	R^D55	R^D206	L_C1322	R^D37	R^D206	L_C1376	R^D143	R^D206
L_C1215	R^D10	R^D207	L_C1269	R^D55	R^D207	L_C1323	R^D37	R^D207	L_C1377	R^D143	R^D207
L_C1216	R^D10	R^D208	L_C1270	R^D55	R^D208	L_C1324	R^D37	R^D208	L_C1378	R^D143	R^D208
L_C1217	R^D10	R^D209	L_C1271	R^D55	R^D209	L_C1325	R^D37	R^D209	L_C1379	R^D143	R^D209
L_C1218	R^D10	R^D210	L_C1272	R^D55	R^D210	L_C1326	R^D37	R^D210	L_C1380	R^D143	R^D210
L_C1219	R^D10	R^D211	L_C1273	R^D55	R^D211	L_C1327	R^D37	R^D211	L_C1381	R^D143	R^D211
L_C1220	R^D10	R^D212	L_C1274	R^D55	R^D212	L_C1328	R^D37	R^D212	L_C1382	R^D143	R^D212
L_C1221	R^D10	R^D213	L_C1275	R^D55	R^D213	L_C1329	R^D37	R^D213	L_C1383	R^D143	R^D213
L_C1222	R^D10	R^D214	L_C1276	R^D55	R^D214	L_C1330	R^D37	R^D214	L_C1384	R^D143	R^D214
L_C1223	R^D10	R^D215	L_C1277	R^D55	R^D215	L_C1331	R^D37	R^D215	L_C1385	R^D143	R^D215
L_C1224	R^D10	R^D216	L_C1278	R^D55	R^D216	L_C1332	R^D37	R^D216	L_C1386	R^D143	R^D216
L_C1225	R^D10	R^D217	L_C1279	R^D55	R^D217	L_C1333	R^D37	R^D217	L_C1387	R^D143	R^D217
L_C1226	R^D10	R^D218	L_C1280	R^D55	R^D218	L_C1334	R^D37	R^D218	L_C1388	R^D143	R^D218
L_C1227	R^D10	R^D219	L_C1281	R^D55	R^D219	L_C1335	R^D37	R^D219	L_C1389	R^D143	R^D219
L_C1228	R^D10	R^D220	L_C1282	R^D55	R^D220	L_C1336	R^D37	R^D220	L_C1390	R^D143	R^D220
L_C1229	R^D10	R^D221	L_C1283	R^D55	R^D221	L_C1337	R^D37	R^D221	L_C1391	R^D143	R^D221
L_C1230	R^D10	R^D222	L_C1284	R^D55	R^D222	L_C1338	R^D37	R^D222	L_C1392	R^D143	R^D222
L_C1231	R^D10	R^D223	L_C1285	R^D55	R^D223	L_C1339	R^D37	R^D223	L_C1393	R^D143	R^D223
L_C1232	R^D10	R^D224	L_C1286	R^D55	R^D224	L_C1340	R^D37	R^D224	L_C1394	R^D143	R^D224
L_C1233	R^D10	R^D225	L_C1287	R^D55	R^D225	L_C1341	R^D37	R^D225	L_C1395	R^D143	R^D225
L_C1234	R^D10	R^D226	L_C1288	R^D55	R^D226	L_C1342	R^D37	R^D226	L_C1396	R^D143	R^D226
L_C1235	R^D10	R^D227	L_C1289	R^D55	R^D227	L_C1343	R^D37	R^D227	L_C1397	R^D143	R^D227
L_C1236	R^D10	R^D228	L_C1290	R^D55	R^D228	L_C1344	R^D37	R^D228	L_C1398	R^D143	R^D228
L_C1237	R^D10	R^D229	L_C1291	R^D55	R^D229	L_C1345	R^D37	R^D229	L_C1399	R^D143	R^D229
L_C1238	R^D10	R^D230	L_C1292	R^D55	R^D230	L_C1346	R^D37	R^D230	L_C1400	R^D143	R^D230
L_C1239	R^D10	R^D231	L_C1293	R^D55	R^D231	L_C1347	R^D37	R^D231	L_C1401	R^D143	R^D231
L_C1240	R^D10	R^D232	L_C1294	R^D55	R^D232	L_C1348	R^D37	R^D232	L_C1402	R^D143	R^D232
L_C1241	R^D10	R^D233	L_C1295	R^D55	R^D233	L_C1349	R^D37	R^D233	L_C1403	R^D143	R^D233
L_C1242	R^D10	R^D234	L_C1296	R^D55	R^D234	L_C1350	R^D37	R^D234	L_C1404	R^D143	R^D234
L_C1243	R^D10	R^D235	L_C1297	R^D55	R^D235	L_C1351	R^D37	R^D235	L_C1405	R^D143	R^D235
L_C1244	R^D10	R^D236	L_C1298	R^D55	R^D236	L_C1352	R^D37	R^D236	L_C1406	R^D143	R^D236
L_C1245	R^D10	R^D237	L_C1299	R^D55	R^D237	L_C1353	R^D37	R^D237	L_C1407	R^D143	R^D237
L_C1246	R^D10	R^D238	L_C1300	R^D55	R^D238	L_C1354	R^D37	R^D238	L_C1408	R^D143	R^D238
L_C1247	R^D10	R^D239	L_C1301	R^D55	R^D239	L_C1355	R^D37	R^D239	L_C1409	R^D143	R^D239
L_C1248	R^D10	R^D240	L_C1302	R^D55	R^D240	L_C1356	R^D37	R^D240	L_C1410	R^D143	R^D240
L_C1249	R^D10	R^D241	L_C1303	R^D55	R^D241	L_C1357	R^D37	R^D241	L_C1411	R^D143	R^D241
L_C1250	R^D10	R^D242	L_C1304	R^D55	R^D242	L_C1358	R^D37	R^D242	L_C1412	R^D143	R^D242
L_C1251	R^D10	R^D243	L_C1305	R^D55	R^D243	L_C1359	R^D37	R^D243	L_C1413	R^D143	R^D243
L_C1252	R^D10	R^D244	L_C1306	R^D55	R^D244	L_C1360	R^D37	R^D244	L_C1414	R^D143	R^D244
L_C1253	R^D10	R^D245	L_C1307	R^D55	R^D245	L_C1361	R^D37	R^D245	L_C1415	R^D143	R^D245
L_C1254	R^D10	R^D246	L_C1308	R^D55	R^D246	L_C1362	R^D37	R^D246	L_C1416	R^D143	R^D246

- wherein R^D1to R^D246have the following structures:

[0137]In some embodiments, the compound can have the formula Ir(L_A)(L_Bk)₂or Ir(L_A)₂(L_Bk), wherein the compound consists of only one of the following structures for the L_Bkligand (LIST 7):

[0138]In some embodiments, the compound can have the formula Ir(L_A)(L_Bk)₂or Ir(L_A)₂(L_Bk), wherein the compound consists of only one of the following structures for the L_Bkligand (LIST 8):

[0139]In some embodiments, the compound can have the formula Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-I) or Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-II), wherein for ligands L_Cj-Iand L_Cj-II, the compound comprises only those L_Cj-Iand L_Cj-IIligands whose corresponding R²⁰¹and R²⁰²are defined to be one the following structures:

[0140]In some embodiments, the compound can have the formula Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-I) or Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-II), wherein for ligands L_Cj-Iand L_Cj-II, the compound comprises only those L_Cj-Iand L_Cj-IIligands whose the corresponding R²⁰¹and R²⁰²are defined to be one of the following structures:

[0141]In some embodiments, the compound can have the formula Ir(L_A)₂(L_Cj-I), and the compound consists of only one of the following structures for the L_Cj-Iligand:

[0142]In some embodiments, the compound can be selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 9:

[0143]In some embodiments, the compound can have a structure of

- [0144]wherein:
- [0145]M¹is Pd or Pt;
- [0146]moiety Q is selected from the group consisting of Formula IIA, Formula JIB, Formula IIC, Formula IID, Formula IIE, Formula IIF, Formula IIG, Formula IIH, and Formula IIJ;
- [0147]moieties F and E are each independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising a 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;
- [0148]Z⁴and Z⁵are each independently C or N;
- [0149]K¹, K², K³, and K⁴are each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, O, and S, wherein at least two of them are direct bonds;
- [0150]L¹, L², and L³are each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, absent a bond, O, Se, S, SO, SO₂, C=O, C=CR′R″, C=NR′R″, CR′R″, SiR′R″, BR′, P(O)R′, and NR′, wherein at least one of L′ and L²is present;
- [0151]X²⁰-X²²are each independently C or N;
- [0152]R^Fand R^Eeach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;
- [0153]each of R′, R″, R^F, and R^Eis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof; and
- [0154]the remaining variables are all the same as defined for Formula II.

[0155]In some embodiments, moiety F and moiety E can be both 6-membered aromatic rings. In some embodiments, moiety F can be a 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring.

[0156]In some embodiments, L¹can be O or CR′R″. In some embodiments, L²can be a direct bond. In some embodiments, L²can be NR′.

[0157]In some embodiments, Z²can be N and Z¹can be C. In some embodiments, Z²can be C and Z¹can be N.

[0158]In some embodiments, one of K¹, K², K³, or K⁴can be O. In some embodiments, one of K¹, or K²can be O. In some embodiments, one of K³, or K⁴can be O. In some embodiments, K¹, K², K³, and K⁴can be all direct bonds.

[0159]In some embodiments, X²⁰-X²²can be all C.

[0160]In some embodiments, the compound can be selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula of Pt(L_A′)(Ly):

- [0161]wherein L_A′ is selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 10:

- [0162]wherein L_yis selected from the group consisting of the the structures in the following LIST 11:

- [0163]wherein X is each independently C or N;
- [0164]wherein Y_1A, Y_1B, Y_1C, and Y_1Dare each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR_Ci, PR_Ci, BR_Ci, CR_CiR_Cj, and SiR_CiR_Cj
- [0165]wherein Z_Biand Z_Bjare independently selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein;
- [0166]wherein Q_qpis selected from the group consisting of the structures in LIST 1a defined herein; and
- [0167]wherein R^E, R^F, R^X, R^Y, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cnare each independently selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be independently selected from the group consisting of the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, Z_Biand Z_Bjcan be independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in LIST 1b defined here. In some of the above embodiments, R^E, R^F, R^X, R^Y, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_cncan be each independently selected from the group consisting of the preferred general substituents defined herein. In some of the above embodiments, R^E, R^F, R^X, R^Y, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cncan be each independently selected from the group consisting of the structures in LIST 1c defined herein.

[0168]In some embodiments, the compound can be selected from the group consisting of the compounds having the formula of Pt(L_A′)(Ly):

- [0169]wherein L_A′ is selected from the group consisting of the structures shown in the following LIST 12:


L_A′	Structure of L_A′

L_A′1-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A′1-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′1- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′2-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A′2-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′2- (74)(74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′3-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′3-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′3- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′4-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A′4-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′4- (74)(74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′5-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′5-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′5- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′6-(i)(v)(w)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′6-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′6- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′7-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′7-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′7- (74)(74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′8-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′8-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′8- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′9-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′9-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′9- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′10-(i)(w)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′10-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′10- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′11-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′11-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′11- (74)(74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′12-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′12-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′12- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′13-(i)(v)(l)(0), wherein L_A′13-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′13- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′14-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A′14-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′14- (74)(74)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A′15-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A′15-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′15- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′16-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A′16-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′16- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′17-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′17-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′17- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′18-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′18-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′18- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′19-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′19-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′19- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′20-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′20-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′20- (74)(74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′21-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A′21-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′21- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′22-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A′22-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′22- (74)(74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′23-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′23-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′23- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′24-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′24-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′24- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′25-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A′25-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′25- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′26-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A′26-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′26- (74)(74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′27-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′27-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′27- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′28-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′28-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′28- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′29-(i)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A′29-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′29- (74)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A′30-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o), wherein L_A′30-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′30- (74)(74)(70)(70)(63), having the structure
L_A′31-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A′31-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′31- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′32-(v)(l)(o)(p), wherein L_A′32-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′32- (70)(70)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′33-(i)(v)(l)(o)(h), wherein L_A′33-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′33- (74)(70)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A′34-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o)(h), wherein L_A′34-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′34- (74)(74)(70)(70)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A′35-(v)(l)(o)(q)(p), wherein L_A′35-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′35- (70)(70)(63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′36-(i)(w)(v)(l)(o)(h)(p), wherein L_A′36-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′36- (70)(70)(63)(63)(40), having the structure
L_A′37-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′37-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′37- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′38-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′38-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′38- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′39-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′39-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′39- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′40-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′40-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′40- (74)(74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the
L_A′41-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′41-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′41- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′42-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′42-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′42- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′43-(i)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′43-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′43- (74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′44-(i)(w)(v)(l)(m)(n), wherein L_A′44-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′44- (74)(74)(70)(70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′45-(v)(l)(m)(n)(p), wherein L_A′45-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′45- (70)(70)(70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′46-(i)(v)(l), wherein L_A′46-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′46- (74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′47-(i)(w)(v)(l), wherein L_A′47-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′47- (74)(74)(70)(70), having the structure
L_A′48-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′48-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′48- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′49-(v)(l)(p), wherein L_A′49-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′49- (70)(70)(40), having the structure
L_A′50-(v)(o)(h)(r), wherein L_A′50-(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′50- (70)(63)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A′51-(v)(o)(h)(r)(t)(u), wherein L_A′51-(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) to L_A′51- (70)(63)(63)(63)(63)(63), having the structure
L_A′52-(i)(o), wherein L_A′52-(1)(1) to L_A′52- (74)(63), having the structure
L_A′53-(i)(w)(o), wherein L_A′53-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′53- (74)(74)(63), having the structure
L_A′54-(p)(o), wherein L_A′54-(1)(1) to L_A′54- (40)(63)(70), having the structure
L_A′55-(p)(o), wherein L_A′55-(1)(1) to L_A′55- (40)(63)(70), having the structure
L_A′56-(i)(w)(o), wherein L_A′56-(1)(1)(1) to L_A′56- (74)(74)(63), having the structure
L_A′57-(p)(o), wherein L_A′57-(1)(1) to L_A′57- (40)(63)(70), having the structure

- wherein L_yis selected from the group consisting of the structures shown in the following LIST 13:


L_y	Structure of L_y

L_y1-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y1-(1)(1)(1) to L_y1- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y2-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y2-(1)(1)(1) to L_y2- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y3-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y3-(1)(1)(1) to L_y3- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y4-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y4-(1)(1)(1) to L_y4- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y5-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y5-(1)(1)(1) to L_y5- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y6-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y6-(1)(1)(1) to L_y6- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y7-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y7-(1)(1)(1) to L_y7- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y8-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y8-(1)(1)(1) to L_y8- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y9-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y9-(1)(1)(1) to L_y9- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y10-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y10-(1)(1)(1) to L_y10- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y11-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y11-(1)(1)(1) to L_y11- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y12-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y12-(1)(1)(1) to L_y12- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y13-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y13-(1)(1)(1) to L_y13- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y14-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y14-(1)(1)(1) to L_y14- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y15-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y15-(1)(1)(1) to L_y15- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y16-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y16-(1)(1)(1) to L_y16- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y17-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y17-(1)(1)(1) to L_y17- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y18-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y18-(1)(1)(1) to L_y18- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y19-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y19-(1)(1)(1) to L_y19- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y20-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y20-(1)(1)(1) to L_y20- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y21-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y21-(1)(1)(1) to L_y21- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y22-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y22-(1)(1)(1) to L_y22- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y23-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y23-(1)(1)(1) to L_y23- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y24-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y24-(1)(1)(1) to L_y24- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y25-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y25-(1)(1)(1) to L_y25- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y26-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y26-(1)(1)(1) to L_y26- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y27-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y27-(1)(1)(1) to L_y27- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y28-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y28-(1)(1)(1) to L_y28- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y29-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y29-(1)(1)(1) to L_y29- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y30-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y30-(1)(1)(1) to L_y30- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y31-(s)(p)(q), wherein L_y31-(1)(1)(1) to L_y31- (70)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y32-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y32-(1)(1)(1) to L_y32- (63)(70)(70), having the structure
L_y33-(o)(p)(q), wherein L_y33-(1)(1)(1) to L_y33- (63)(70)(70), having the structure

- wherein i and w are each independently an integer from 1 to 74;
- v, l, m, n, p, q, and s are each independently an integer from 1 to 70;
- o, h, r, t, and u are each independently an integer from 1 to 63;
- p is an integer from 1 to 40;
- wherein the structures of Z1 to Z74 are as shown in LIST 3a defined herein;
- wherein the structures of Q1 to Q40 are as shown in LIST 3b defined herein; and
- wherein the structures of R1 to R70 are as shown in LIST 3c defined herein.

[0178]In some embodiments, the compound can be selected from the group consisting of the structures in the following LIST 14:

[0179]In some embodiments, the compound having a ligand L_Aof Formula I described herein can be at least 30% deuterated, at least 40% deuterated, at least 50% deuterated, at least 60% deuterated, at least 70% deuterated, at least 80% deuterated, at least 90% deuterated, at least 95% deuterated, at least 99% deuterated, or 100% deuterated. As used herein, percent deuteration has its ordinary meaning and includes the percent of possible hydrogen atoms (e.g., positions that are hydrogen, deuterium, or halogen) that are replaced by deuterium atoms.

C. The OLEDs and the Devices of the Present Disclosure

[0180]In another aspect, the present disclosure also provides an OLED device comprising an organic layer that contains a compound as disclosed in the above compounds section of the present disclosure.

[0181]In some embodiments, the OLED comprises an anode, a cathode, and a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The first organic layer can comprise a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of

- [0182]wherein each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W; is a single bond or a double bond; X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two; Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′; Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR, CR, CRR′, BR, BRR′, and SiRR′; R^Aand R^Beach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, or R^Bcan be joined or fused to form a ring, wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au; wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands; and wherein the ligand L_Acan be monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate, with the proviso that ligand L_Adoes not comprise a structure of

wherein the dashed lines indicate direct bonds to M.

[0183]In some embodiments, the organic layer may be an emissive layer and the compound as described herein may be an emissive dopant or a non-emissive dopant.

[0184]In some embodiments, the organic layer may further comprise a host, wherein the host comprises a triphenylene containing benzo-fused thiophene or benzo-fused furan, wherein any substituent in the host is an unfused substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C_nH_2n+1, OCnH_2n+1, OAr₁, N(C_nH_2n+1)₂, N(Ar₁)(Ar₂), CH═CH—C_nH_2n+1, C≡CC_nH_2n+1, Ar₁, Ar₁—Ar₂, C_nH_2n—Ar₁, or no substitution, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10; and wherein Ar₁and Ar₂are independently selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, triphenylene, carbazole, and heteroaromatic analogs thereof.

[0185]In some embodiments, the organic layer may further comprise a host, wherein host comprises at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, 5λ2-benzo[d]benzo[4,5]imidazo[3,2-a]imidazole, 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene, triazine, aza-triphenylene, aza-carbazole, aza-indolocarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, aza-dibenzoselenophene, aza-5a,2-benzo[d]benzo[4,5]imidazo[3,2-a]imidazole, and aza-(5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene).

[0186]In some embodiments, the host may be selected from the group consisting of:

and combinations thereof.

[0187]In some embodiments, the organic layer may further comprise a host, wherein the host comprises a metal complex.

[0188]In some embodiments, the compound as described herein may be a sensitizer; wherein the device may further comprise an acceptor; and wherein the acceptor may be selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitter, delayed fluorescence emitter, and combination thereof.

[0189]In yet another aspect, the OLED of the present disclosure may also comprise an emissive region containing a compound as disclosed in the above compounds section of the present disclosure.

[0190]In some embodiments, the emissive region may comprise a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of

- [0191]wherein each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W; is a single bond or a double bond; X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two; Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′; Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR, CR, CRR′, BR, BRR′, and SiRR′; R^Aand R^Beach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, or R^Bcan be joined or fused to form a ring, wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au; wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands; and wherein the ligand L_Acan be monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate, with the proviso that ligand L_Adoes not comprise a structure of

- [0192]wherein the dashed lines indicate direct bonds to M.

[0193]In some embodiments, at least one of the anode, the cathode, or a new layer disposed over the organic emissive layer functions as an enhancement layer. The enhancement layer comprises a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the emitter material and transfers excited state energy from the emitter material to non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polariton. The enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer, wherein the emitter material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant. In some embodiments, the OLED further comprises an outcoupling layer. In some embodiments, the outcoupling layer is disposed over the enhancement layer on the opposite side of the organic emissive layer. In some embodiments, the outcoupling layer is disposed on opposite side of the emissive layer from the enhancement layer but still outcouples energy from the surface plasmon mode of the enhancement layer. The outcoupling layer scatters the energy from the surface plasmon polaritons. In some embodiments this energy is scattered as photons to free space. In other embodiments, the energy is scattered from the surface plasmon mode into other modes of the device such as but not limited to the organic waveguide mode, the substrate mode, or another waveguiding mode. If energy is scattered to the non-free space mode of the OLED other outcoupling schemes could be incorporated to extract that energy to free space. In some embodiments, one or more intervening layer can be disposed between the enhancement layer and the outcoupling layer. The examples for interventing layer(s) can be dielectric materials, including organic, inorganic, perovskites, oxides, and may include stacks and/or mixtures of these materials.

[0194]The enhancement layer modifies the effective properties of the medium in which the emitter material resides resulting in any or all of the following: a decreased rate of emission, a modification of emission line-shape, a change in emission intensity with angle, a change in the stability of the emitter material, a change in the efficiency of the OLED, and reduced efficiency roll-off of the OLED device. Placement of the enhancement layer on the cathode side, anode side, or on both sides results in OLED devices which take advantage of any of the above-mentioned effects. In addition to the specific functional layers mentioned herein and illustrated in the various OLED examples shown in the figures, the OLEDs according to the present disclosure may include any of the other functional layers often found in OLEDs.

[0195]The enhancement layer can be comprised of plasmonic materials, optically active metamaterials, or hyperbolic metamaterials. As used herein, a plasmonic material is a material in which the real part of the dielectric constant crosses zero in the visible or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some embodiments, the plasmonic material includes at least one metal. In such embodiments the metal may include at least one of Ag, Al, Au, Ir, Pt, Ni, Cu, W, Ta, Fe, Cr, Mg, Ga, Rh, Ti, Ru, Pd, In, Bi, Ca alloys or mixtures of these materials, and stacks of these materials. In general, a metamaterial is a medium composed of different materials where the medium as a whole acts differently than the sum of its material parts. In particular, we define optically active metamaterials as materials which have both negative permittivity and negative permeability. Hyperbolic metamaterials, on the other hand, are anisotropic media in which the permittivity or permeability are of different sign for different spatial directions. Optically active metamaterials and hyperbolic metamaterials are strictly distinguished from many other photonic structures such as Distributed Bragg Reflectors (“DBRs”) in that the medium should appear uniform in the direction of propagation on the length scale of the wavelength of light. Using terminology that one skilled in the art can understand: the dielectric constant of the metamaterials in the direction of propagation can be described with the effective medium approximation. Plasmonic materials and metamaterials provide methods for controlling the propagation of light that can enhance OLED performance in a number of ways.

[0196]In some embodiments, the enhancement layer is provided as a planar layer. In other embodiments, the enhancement layer has wavelength-sized features that are arranged periodically, quasi-periodically, or randomly, or sub-wavelength-sized features that are arranged periodically, quasi-periodically, or randomly. In some embodiments, the wavelength-sized features and the sub-wavelength-sized features have sharp edges.

[0197]In some embodiments, the outcoupling layer has wavelength-sized features that are arranged periodically, quasi-periodically, or randomly, or sub-wavelength-sized features that are arranged periodically, quasi-periodically, or randomly. In some embodiments, the outcoupling layer may be composed of a plurality of nanoparticles and in other embodiments the outcoupling layer is composed of a plurality of nanoparticles disposed over a material. In these embodiments the outcoupling may be tunable by at least one of varying a size of the plurality of nanoparticles, varying a shape of the plurality of nanoparticles, changing a material of the plurality of nanoparticles, adjusting a thickness of the material, changing the refractive index of the material or an additional layer disposed on the plurality of nanoparticles, varying a thickness of the enhancement layer, and/or varying the material of the enhancement layer.

[0198]The plurality of nanoparticles of the device may be formed from at least one of metal, dielectric material, semiconductor materials, an alloy of metal, a mixture of dielectric materials, a stack or layering of one or more materials, and/or a core of one type of material and that is coated with a shell of a different type of material. In some embodiments, the outcoupling layer is composed of at least metal nanoparticles wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Ir, Pt, Ni, Cu, W, Ta, Fe, Cr, Mg, Ga, Rh, Ti, Ru, Pd, In, Bi, Ca, alloys or mixtures of these materials, and stacks of these materials. The plurality of nanoparticles may have additional layer disposed over them. In some embodiments, the polarization of the emission can be tuned using the outcoupling layer. Varying the dimensionality and periodicity of the outcoupling layer can select a type of polarization that is preferentially outcoupled to air. In some embodiments the outcoupling layer also acts as an electrode of the device.

[0199]In yet another aspect, the present disclosure also provides a consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device (OLED) having an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer may comprise a compound as disclosed in the above compounds section of the present disclosure.

[0200]In some embodiments, the consumer product comprises an organic light-emitting device (OLED) having an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer may comprise a compound comprising a ligand L_Aof a structure of

- [0201]wherein each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W; is a single bond or a double bond; X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two; Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′; Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR, CR, CRR′, BR, BRR′, and SiRR′; R^Aand R^Beach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R, R′, R^A, and R^Bis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of the general substituents defined herein; and any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, or R^Bcan be joined or fused to form a ring, wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au; wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands; and wherein the ligand L_Acan be monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate, with the proviso that ligand L_Adoes not comprise a structure of

- [0202]wherein the dashed lines indicate direct bonds to M.

[0203]In some embodiments, the consumer product can be one of a flat panel display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, a light for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, a heads-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a laser printer, a telephone, a cell phone, tablet, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a micro-display that is less than 2 inches diagonal, a 3-D display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising multiple displays tiled together, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a sign.

[0204]Generally, an OLED comprises at least one organic layer disposed between and electrically connected to an anode and a cathode. When a current is applied, the anode injects holes and the cathode injects electrons into the organic layer(s). The injected holes and electrons each migrate toward the oppositely charged electrode. When an electron and hole localize on the same molecule, an “exciton,” which is a localized electron-hole pair having an excited energy state, is formed. Light is emitted when the exciton relaxes via a photoemissive mechanism. In some cases, the exciton may be localized on an excimer or an exciplex. Non-radiative mechanisms, such as thermal relaxation, may also occur, but are generally considered undesirable.

[0205]Several OLED materials and configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0206]The initial OLEDs used emissive molecules that emitted light from their singlet states (“fluorescence”) as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,292, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Fluorescent emission generally occurs in a time frame of less than 10 nanoseconds.

[0207]More recently, OLEDs having emissive materials that emit light from triplet states (“phosphorescence”) have been demonstrated. Baldo et al., “Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Emission from Organic Electroluminescent Devices,” Nature, vol. 395, 151-154, 1998; (“Baldo-I”) and Baldo et al., “Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, No. 3, 4-6 (1999) (“Baldo-II”), are incorporated by reference in their entireties. Phosphorescence is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704 at cols. 5-6, which are incorporated by reference.

[0208]FIG. 1 shows an organic light emitting device 100. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Device 100 may include a substrate 110, an anode 115, a hole injection layer 120, a hole transport layer 125, an electron blocking layer 130, an emissive layer 135, a hole blocking layer 140, an electron transport layer 145, an electron injection layer 150, a protective layer 155, a cathode 160, and a barrier layer 170. Cathode 160 is a compound cathode having a first conductive layer 162 and a second conductive layer 164. Device 100 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described, in order. The properties and functions of these various layers, as well as example materials, are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704 at cols. 6-10, which are incorporated by reference.

[0209]More examples for each of these layers are available. For example, a flexible and transparent substrate-anode combination is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,363, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. An example of a p-doped hole transport layer is m-MTDATA doped with F₄-TCNQ at a molar ratio of 50:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Examples of emissive and host materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,238 to Thompson et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. An example of an n-doped electron transport layer is BPhen doped with Li at a molar ratio of 1:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,745, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, disclose examples of cathodes including compound cathodes having a thin layer of metal such as Mg:Ag with an overlying transparent, electrically-conductive, sputter-deposited ITO layer. The theory and use of blocking layers is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,097,147 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. Examples of injection layers are provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. A description of protective layers may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0210]FIG. 2 shows an inverted OLED 200. The device includes a substrate 210, a cathode 215, an emissive layer 220, a hole transport layer 225, and an anode 230. Device 200 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described, in order. Because the most common OLED configuration has a cathode disposed over the anode, and device 200 has cathode 215 disposed under anode 230, device 200 may be referred to as an “inverted” OLED. Materials similar to those described with respect to device 100 may be used in the corresponding layers of device 200. FIG. 2 provides one example of how some layers may be omitted from the structure of device 100.

[0211]The simple layered structure illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided by way of non-limiting example, and it is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in connection with a wide variety of other structures. The specific materials and structures described are exemplary in nature, and other materials and structures may be used. Functional OLEDs may be achieved by combining the various layers described in different ways, or layers may be omitted entirely, based on design, performance, and cost factors. Other layers not specifically described may also be included. Materials other than those specifically described may be used. Although many of the examples provided herein describe various layers as comprising a single material, it is understood that combinations of materials, such as a mixture of host and dopant, or more generally a mixture, may be used. Also, the layers may have various sublayers. The names given to the various layers herein are not intended to be strictly limiting. For example, in device 200, hole transport layer 225 transports holes and injects holes into emissive layer 220, and may be described as a hole transport layer or a hole injection layer. In one embodiment, an OLED may be described as having an “organic layer” disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may comprise a single layer, or may further comprise multiple layers of different organic materials as described, for example, with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0212]Structures and materials not specifically described may also be used, such as OLEDs comprised of polymeric materials (PLEDs) such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,190 to Friend et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. By way of further example, OLEDs having a single organic layer may be used. OLEDs may be stacked, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,745 to Forrest et al, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The OLED structure may deviate from the simple layered structure illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the substrate may include an angled reflective surface to improve out-coupling, such as a mesa structure as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,195 to Forrest et al., and/or a pit structure as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,893 to Bulovic et al., which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0213]Unless otherwise specified, any of the layers of the various embodiments may be deposited by any suitable method. For the organic layers, preferred methods include thermal evaporation, ink-jet, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,982 and 6,087,196, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD), such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,337,102 to Forrest et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, and deposition by organic vapor jet printing (OVJP, also referred to as organic vapor jet deposition (OVJD)), such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,431,968, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Other suitable deposition methods include spin coating and other solution based processes. Solution based processes are preferably carried out in nitrogen or an inert atmosphere. For the other layers, preferred methods include thermal evaporation. Preferred patterning methods include deposition through a mask, cold welding such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,294,398 and 6,468,819, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, and patterning associated with some of the deposition methods such as ink-jet and organic vapor jet printing (OVJP). Other methods may also be used. The materials to be deposited may be modified to make them compatible with a particular deposition method. For example, substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups, branched or unbranched, and preferably containing at least 3 carbons, may be used in small molecules to enhance their ability to undergo solution processing. Substituents having 20 carbons or more may be used, and 3-20 carbons are a preferred range. Materials with asymmetric structures may have better solution processability than those having symmetric structures, because asymmetric materials may have a lower tendency to recrystallize. Dendrimer substituents may be used to enhance the ability of small molecules to undergo solution processing.

[0214]Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure may further optionally comprise a barrier layer. One purpose of the barrier layer is to protect the electrodes and organic layers from damaging exposure to harmful species in the environment including moisture, vapor and/or gases, etc. The barrier layer may be deposited over, under or next to a substrate, an electrode, or over any other parts of a device including an edge. The barrier layer may comprise a single layer, or multiple layers. The barrier layer may be formed by various known chemical vapor deposition techniques and may include compositions having a single phase as well as compositions having multiple phases. Any suitable material or combination of materials may be used for the barrier layer. The barrier layer may incorporate an inorganic or an organic compound or both. The preferred barrier layer comprises a mixture of a polymeric material and a non-polymeric material as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,968,146, PCT Pat. Application Nos. PCT/US2007/023098 and PCT/US2009/042829, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. To be considered a “mixture”, the aforesaid polymeric and non-polymeric materials comprising the barrier layer should be deposited under the same reaction conditions and/or at the same time. The weight ratio of polymeric to non-polymeric material may be in the range of 95:5 to 5:95. The polymeric material and the non-polymeric material may be created from the same precursor material. In one example, the mixture of a polymeric material and a non-polymeric material consists essentially of polymeric silicon and inorganic silicon.

[0215]Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can be incorporated into a wide variety of electronic component modules (or units) that can be incorporated into a variety of electronic products or intermediate components. Examples of such electronic products or intermediate components include display screens, lighting devices such as discrete light source devices or lighting panels, etc. that can be utilized by the end-user product manufacturers. Such electronic component modules can optionally include the driving electronics and/or power source(s). Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can be incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products that have one or more of the electronic component modules (or units) incorporated therein. A consumer product comprising an OLED that includes the compound of the present disclosure in the organic layer in the OLED is disclosed. Such consumer products would include any kind of products that include one or more light source(s) and/or one or more of some type of visual displays. Some examples of such consumer products include flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, stretchable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablets, phablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays (displays that are less than 2 inches diagonal), 3-D displays, virtual reality or augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a sign. Various control mechanisms may be used to control devices fabricated in accordance with the present disclosure, including passive matrix and active matrix. Many of the devices are intended for use in a temperature range comfortable to humans, such as 18 degrees C. to 30 degrees C., and more preferably at room temperature (20-25° C.), but could be used outside this temperature range, for example, from −40 degree C. to +80° C.

[0216]More details on OLEDs, and the definitions described above, can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0217]The materials and structures described herein may have applications in devices other than OLEDs. For example, other optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and organic photodetectors may employ the materials and structures. More generally, organic devices, such as organic transistors, may employ the materials and structures.

[0218]In some embodiments, the OLED has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of being flexible, being rollable, being foldable, being stretchable, and being curved. In some embodiments, the OLED is transparent or semi-transparent. In some embodiments, the OLED further comprises a layer comprising carbon nanotubes.

[0219]In some embodiments, the OLED further comprises a layer comprising a delayed fluorescent emitter. In some embodiments, the OLED comprises a RGB pixel arrangement or white plus color filter pixel arrangement. In some embodiments, the OLED is a mobile device, a hand held device, or a wearable device. In some embodiments, the OLED is a display panel having less than 10 inch diagonal or 50 square inch area. In some embodiments, the OLED is a display panel having at least 10 inch diagonal or 50 square inch area. In some embodiments, the OLED is a lighting panel.

[0220]In some embodiments, the compound can be an emissive dopant. In some embodiments, the compound can produce emissions via phosphorescence, fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, i.e., TADF (also referred to as E-type delayed fluorescence; see, e.g., U.S. application Ser. No. 15/700,352, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), triplet-triplet annihilation, or combinations of these processes.

[0221]In some embodiments, the emissive dopant can be a racemic mixture, or can be enriched in one enantiomer. In some embodiments, the compound can be homoleptic (each ligand is the same). In some embodiments, the compound can be heteroleptic (at least one ligand is different from others). When there are more than one ligand coordinated to a metal, the ligands can all be the same in some embodiments. In some other embodiments, at least one ligand is different from the other ligands. In some embodiments, every ligand can be different from each other. This is also true in embodiments where a ligand being coordinated to a metal can be linked with other ligands being coordinated to that metal to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligands. Thus, where the coordinating ligands are being linked together, all of the ligands can be the same in some embodiments, and at least one of the ligands being linked can be different from the other ligand(s) in some other embodiments.

[0222]In some embodiments, the compound can be used as a phosphorescent sensitizer in an OLED where one or multiple layers in the OLED contains an acceptor in the form of one or more fluorescent and/or delayed fluorescence emitters. In some embodiments, the compound can be used as one component of an exciplex to be used as a sensitizer. As a phosphorescent sensitizer, the compound must be capable of energy transfer to the acceptor and the acceptor will emit the energy or further transfer energy to a final emitter. The acceptor concentrations can range from 0.001% to 100%. The acceptor could be in either the same layer as the phosphorescent sensitizer or in one or more different layers. In some embodiments, the acceptor is a TADF emitter. In some embodiments, the acceptor is a fluorescent emitter. In some embodiments, the emission can arise from any or all of the sensitizer, acceptor, and final emitter,

[0223]According to another aspect, a formulation comprising the compound described herein is also disclosed.

[0224]The OLED disclosed herein can be incorporated into one or more of a consumer product, an electronic component module, and a lighting panel. The organic layer can be an emissive layer and the compound can be an emissive dopant in some embodiments, while the compound can be a non-emissive dopant in other embodiments.

[0225]In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a formulation that comprises the novel compound disclosed herein is described. The formulation can include one or more components selected from the group consisting of a solvent, a host, a hole injection material, hole transport material, electron blocking material, hole blocking material, and an electron transport material, disclosed herein.

[0226]The present disclosure encompasses any chemical structure comprising the novel compound of the present disclosure, or a monovalent or polyvalent variant thereof. In other words, the inventive compound, or a monovalent or polyvalent variant thereof, can be a part of a larger chemical structure. Such chemical structure can be selected from the group consisting of a monomer, a polymer, a macromolecule, and a supramolecule (also known as supermolecule). As used herein, a “monovalent variant of a compound” refers to a moiety that is identical to the compound except that one hydrogen has been removed and replaced with a bond to the rest of the chemical structure. As used herein, a “polyvalent variant of a compound” refers to a moiety that is identical to the compound except that more than one hydrogen has been removed and replaced with a bond or bonds to the rest of the chemical structure. In the instance of a supramolecule, the inventive compound can also be incorporated into the supramolecule complex without covalent bonds.

D. Combination of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure with Other Materials

[0227]The materials described herein as useful for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device may be used in combination with a wide variety of other materials present in the device. For example, emissive dopants disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with a wide variety of hosts, transport layers, blocking layers, injection layers, electrodes and other layers that may be present. The materials described or referred to below are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.

a) Conductivity Dopants:

[0228]A charge transport layer can be doped with conductivity dopants to substantially alter its density of charge carriers, which will in turn alter its conductivity. The conductivity is increased by generating charge carriers in the matrix material, and depending on the type of dopant, a change in the Fermi level of the semiconductor may also be achieved. Hole-transporting layer can be doped by p-type conductivity dopants and n-type conductivity dopants are used in the electron-transporting layer.

[0229]Non-limiting examples of the conductivity dopants that may be used in an OLED in combination with materials disclosed herein are exemplified below together with references that disclose those materials: EP01617493, EP01968131, EP2020694, EP2684932, US20050139810, US20070160905, US20090167167, US2010288362, WO06081780, WO2009003455, WO2009008277, WO2009011327, WO2014009310, US2007252140, US2015060804, US20150123047, and US2012146012.

b) HIL/HTL:

[0230]A hole injecting/transporting material to be used in the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and any compound may be used as long as the compound is typically used as a hole injecting/transporting material. Examples of the material include, but are not limited to: a phthalocyanine or porphyrin derivative; an aromatic amine derivative; an indolocarbazole derivative; a polymer containing fluorohydrocarbon; a polymer with conductivity dopants; a conducting polymer, such as PEDOT/PSS; a self-assembly monomer derived from compounds such as phosphonic acid and silane derivatives; a metal oxide derivative, such as MoO_x; a p-type semiconducting organic compound, such as 1,4,5,8,9,12-Hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile; a metal complex, and a cross-linkable compounds.

[0231]HIL/HTL examples can be found in paragraphs [0111] through [0117] of Universal Display Corporation's US application publication number US2020/0,295,281A1, and the contents of these paragraphs and the whole publication are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

c) EBL:

[0232]An electron blocking layer (EBL) may be used to reduce the number of electrons and/or excitons that leave the emissive layer. The presence of such a blocking layer in a device may result in substantially higher efficiencies, and/or longer lifetime, as compared to a similar device lacking a blocking layer. Also, a blocking layer may be used to confine emission to a desired region of an OLED. In some embodiments, the EBL material has a higher LUMO (closer to the vacuum level) and/or higher triplet energy than the emitter closest to the EBL interface. In some embodiments, the EBL material has a higher LUMO (closer to the vacuum level) and/or higher triplet energy than one or more of the hosts closest to the EBL interface. In one aspect, the compound used in EBL contains the same molecule or the same functional groups used as one of the hosts described below.

d) Hosts:

[0233]The light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present disclosure preferably contains at least a metal complex as light emitting material, and may contain a host material using the metal complex as a dopant material. Examples of the host material are not particularly limited, and any metal complexes or organic compounds may be used as long as the triplet energy of the host is larger than that of the dopant. Any host material may be used with any dopant so long as the triplet criteria is satisfied.

[0234]Hosts examples can be found in paragraphs [0119] through [0125] of Universal Display Corporation's US application publication number US2020/0,295,281A1, and the contents of these paragraphs and the whole publication are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

e) Additional Emitters:

[0235]One or more additional emitter dopants may be used in conjunction with the compound of the present disclosure. Examples of the additional emitter dopants are not particularly limited, and any compounds may be used as long as the compounds are typically used as emitter materials. Examples of suitable emitter materials include, but are not limited to, compounds which can produce emissions via phosphorescence, fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, i.e., TADF (also referred to as E-type delayed fluorescence), triplet-triplet annihilation, or combinations of these processes.

[0236]Non-limiting examples of the emitter materials that may be used in an OLED in combination with materials disclosed herein are exemplified in paragraphs [0126] through [0127] of Universal Display Corporation's US application publication number US2020/0,295,281A1, and the contents of these paragraphs and the whole publication are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

f) HBL:

[0237]A hole blocking layer (HBL) may be used to reduce the number of holes and/or excitons that leave the emissive layer. The presence of such a blocking layer in a device may result in substantially higher efficiencies and/or longer lifetime as compared to a similar device lacking a blocking layer. Also, a blocking layer may be used to confine emission to a desired region of an OLED. In some embodiments, the HBL material has a lower HOMO (further from the vacuum level) and/or higher triplet energy than the emitter closest to the HBL interface. In some embodiments, the HBL material has a lower HOMO (further from the vacuum level) and/or higher triplet energy than one or more of the hosts closest to the HBL interface.

[0238]In one aspect, compound used in HBL contains the same molecule or the same functional groups used as host described above.

[0239]In another aspect, compound used in HBL contains at least one of the following groups in the molecule:

- [0240]wherein k is an integer from 1 to 20; L¹⁰¹is another ligand, k′ is an integer from 1 to 3.

g) ETL:

[0241]Electron transport layer (ETL) may include a material capable of transporting electrons. Electron transport layer may be intrinsic (undoped), or doped. Doping may be used to enhance conductivity. Examples of the ETL material are not particularly limited, and any metal complexes or organic compounds may be used as long as they are typically used to transport electrons.

[0242]In one aspect, compound used in ETL contains at least one of the following groups in the molecule:

- [0243]wherein R¹⁰¹is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acids, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof, when it is aryl or heteroaryl, it has the similar definition as Ar's mentioned above. Ar¹to Ar³has the similar definition as Ar's mentioned above. k is an integer from 1 to 20. X¹⁰¹to X¹⁰⁸is selected from C (including CH) or N.

[0244]In another aspect, the metal complexes used in ETL contains, but not limit to the following general formula:

- [0245]wherein (O—N) or (N—N) is a bidentate ligand, having metal coordinated to atoms O, N or N, N; L¹⁰¹is another ligand; k′ is an integer value from 1 to the maximum number of ligands that may be attached to the metal. Non-limiting examples of the ETL materials that may be used in an OLED in combination with materials disclosed herein are exemplified in paragraphs [0131] through [0134] of Universal Display Corporation's US application publication number US2020/0,295,281A1, and the contents of these paragraphs and the whole publication are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

h) Charge Generation Layer (CGL)

[0246]In tandem or stacked OLEDs, the CGL plays an essential role in the performance, which is composed of an n-doped layer and a p-doped layer for injection of electrons and holes, respectively. Electrons and holes are supplied from the CGL and electrodes. The consumed electrons and holes in the CGL are refilled by the electrons and holes injected from the cathode and anode, respectively; then, the bipolar currents reach a steady state gradually. Typical CGL materials include n and p conductivity dopants used in the transport layers.

[0247]In any above-mentioned compounds used in each layer of the OLED device, the hydrogen atoms can be partially or fully deuterated. The minimum amount of hydrogen of the compound being deuterated is selected from the group consisting of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, and 100%. Thus, any specifically listed substituent, such as, without limitation, methyl, phenyl, pyridyl, etc. may be undeuterated, partially deuterated, and fully deuterated versions thereof. Similarly, classes of substituents such as, without limitation, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, etc. also may be undeuterated, partially deuterated, and fully deuterated versions thereof.

[0248]It is understood that the various embodiments described herein are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. For example, many of the materials and structures described herein may be substituted with other materials and structures without deviating from the spirit of the invention. The present invention as claimed may therefore include variations from the particular examples and preferred embodiments described herein, as will be apparent to one of skill in the art. It is understood that various theories as to why the invention works are not intended to be limiting.

E. Experimental Section

Synthetic Route

Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-phenoxy-1H-imidazole (Compound 2)

[0249]A mixture of 4-iodo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole (15.0 g, 72.1 mmol, 1.0 equiv), phenol (12.2 g, 130 mmol, 1.8 equiv), cesium carbonate (70.5 g, 216 mmol, 3.0 equiv), and dimethyl sulfoxide (144 mL) was sparged under nitrogen for 30 minutes. 1-(Pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-one (1.95 g, 14.4 mmol, 0.2 equiv) and copper(I) bromide (1.03 g, 7.21 mmol, 0.1 equiv) were then added. Upon addition, the reaction mixture was sparged under nitrogen for another 10 minutes, and then heated to 120° C. for 17 hours. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature (RT) and then poured into a mixture of DI-water (1.2 L) and dichloromethane (600 mL). The bi-layer mixture was filtered through a pad of celite (240 g) and the celite pad was rinsed with dichloromethane (400 mL). The organic layer was isolated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3×300 mL). The combined organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was absorbed onto Celite (Diatomaceous earth)(120 g) and purified on an Interchim automated chromatography system (Biotage Sfar 350 g silica column), eluting with 75% ethyl acetate in hexane with 2% triethylamine to give compound 2 (7.36 g, 56% yield, 96% GC purity) as an orange oil.

Synthesis of 1-(3-((9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methyl-5-phenoxy-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate (Intermediate 2)

[0250]A mixture of compound 2 (500 mg, 2.24 mmol, 1 equiv), Intermediate 1 (1.6 g, 2.24 mmol, 1 equiv), and copper (II) triflate (0.08 g, 0.22 mmol, 0.1 equiv) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (11.2 mL) was sparged with nitrogen for 15 minutes. The reaction was heated at 100° C. overnight, at which time, LC/MS analysis indicated full conversion. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was absorbed onto Celite (12 g) and purified on an Interchim automated chromatography system (Biotage, 50 g silica gel column), eluting with a gradient of 5 to 30% ethyl acetate with 5% methanol in hexanes to give Intermediate 2 (960 mg, 66% yield) as a tan solid.

Synthesis of (1-(3-((9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methyl-5-phenoxy-1H-imidazol-3-ium)platinum(II) (Intermediate 3)

[0251]A mixture of Intermediate 2 (420 mg, 0.64 mmol, 1 equiv), dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II) (265 mg, 0.71 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and potassium carbonate (3 equiv) in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (16.1 mL) was sparged with nitrogen for 15 minutes. The reaction was heated at 160° C. overnight, at which time, LC/MS analysis indicated full conversion. Another batch of Intermediate 2 (420 mg, 0.64 mmol, 1 equiv) was reacted as described above and the combined material was purified on an Interchim automated chromatography system (Biotage, 100 g silica gel column), eluting with 100% then a gradient of 0-100% dichloromethane in hexanes to give Intermediate 3 (450 mg, 46% yield) as a yellow solid.

Synthesis of (3-(3-((9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-9-mesityl-1-methyl-3,9-dihydro-1λ 4 -benzo[5,6][1,4]oxaborinino[2,3-d]imidazole) platinum(II) (Inventive Compound)

[0252]A solution of compound Intermediate 3 (100 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in anhydrous dichlorobenzene (2.7 mL) was sparged with nitrogen for 10 minutes. The solution was cooled down to 0° C. in an ice bath, 1.6 M n-butyllithium (91 μL, 0.15 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added dropwise, and the reaction was continued stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes. Tribromoborane (14 μL, 0.15 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added to this solution at 0° C. The mixture was slowly warmed to 40° C. After 30 minutes, it was cooled down to RT and left to stir overnight. Diisopropylethylamine (46 μL, 0.26 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. for 3 hours. Simultaneously, a separate vial contained 2-iodomesitylene (35.7 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in anhydrous diethylether (0.5 mL) was cooled to −78° C. in an ice bath (dry ice/acetone). 1.6 M n-butyllithium (91 μL, 0.15 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added to the vial. This mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes, a fine white precipitate appeared. The first reaction vial was cooled to 0° C., then mesityl-lithium suspension was added. This reaction mixture was slowly warm to 40° C. After 30 minutes, it was cooled to RT and continued to stir for an extra 30 minutes towards the Inventive compound. An aliquot of the crude reaction mixture was passed through a 0.2 μm filter, and the resultant sample of isolated inventive compound was used for PL characterization.

Photophysical Characterization

[0253]FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C show the emission spectra of an inventive compound and a comparative compound in 2-MeTHF and in PMMA at room temperature, and in 2-MeTHF at 77 K, respectively, and Table 1 below shows some of the properties of these spectra.

TABLE 1
Photophysical properties of inventive and comparison compounds

	λ_{max,2-MeTHF,RT}	λ_{max,2-MeTHF,77K}	λ_max,PMMA,RT
	(nm)	(nm)	(nm)

Inventive	446	436	447
compound
Comparison	452	442	449
compound

[0254]The inventive compound shows a blue-shift in emission in all media relative to the comparison compound bearing the benzimidazolium carbene. The obtained blue-shift helps in achieving deep blue emission required for high color purity in display applications.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A compound comprising a ligand L_A, wherein the ligand L_Acomprises a structure of

wherein:

each of moiety A and moiety B is independently a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings with at least one of these rings being a 5-membered ring and directly fused to ring W;

moiety B₁is a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;

X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N;

the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two;

Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′;

Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of N, C, CR′, B, BR′, and SiR′;

R^A, R^B, and R^Bieach independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;

each of R, R′, R^A, R^Band R^B1is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and

any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, R^B, or R^Bican be joined or fused to form a ring,

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to metal M through the dash lines;

wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R, R′, R^A, R^B, and R^B1is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

3. The compound of claim 1, wherein M is Ir.

4. The compound of claim 1, wherein moiety A is coordinated directly to metal M by an N-M bond.

5. The compound of claim 1, wherein moiety A is pyridine or benzimidazole and moiety A is coordinated directly to metal M by an N-M bond.

6. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of X¹or X²is N.

7. The compound of claim 1, wherein moiety B is a polycyclic fused ring structure and X²is N.

8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the ring of moiety B containing X²is a 5-membered ring.

9. The compound of claim 1, wherein moiety B₁is a monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein moiety B₁is benzene.

11. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z is BR.

12. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z is BR and the R comprises at least one aryl group.

13. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z is BR and the R comprises at least two aryl groups.

14. The compound claim 1, wherein the ligand L_Ais selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each X is independently C or N;

wherein each Q_qpcan be independently selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each R_Ai, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cn, Z_Bi, Z_Bj, and Z_Ciis independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof.

15. The compound claim 14, wherein the ligand L_Ais selected from the group consisting of:

16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the ligand L_Acomprises at least one substitutent selected from the group consisting of

17. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a structure of

wherein:

M¹is Pd or Pt;

moiety Q is Formula IIE;

moieties F and E are each independently a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring structure comprising a 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;

Z⁴and Z⁵are each independently C or N;

K¹, K², K³, and K⁴are each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, O, and S, wherein at least two of them are direct bonds;

L¹, L², and L³are each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, absent a bond, O, Se, S, SO, SO₂, C═O, C=CR′R″, C=NR′R″, CR′R″, SiR′R″, BR′, P(O)R′, and NR′, wherein at least one of L¹and L²is present;

X²⁰-X²²are each independently C or N;

R^Fand R^Eeach independently represents zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; and

each of R′, R″, R^F, and R^Eis independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof.

18. The compound of claim 17, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula of Pt(L_A′)(Ly):

wherein L_A′ is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein L_yis selected from the group consisting of:

wherein X is each independently C or N;

wherein Y_1A, Y_1B, Y_1C, and Y_1Dare each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR_Ci, PR_Ci, BR_Ci, CR_CiR_Cj, and SiR_C1R_Cj

wherein Z_Biand Z_B, are independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

wherein Q_qpis selected from the group consisting of:

and

wherein R^E, R^F, R^X, R^Y, R_Ai, R_Ci, R_Cj, R_Ck, R_Cl, R_Cm, and R_Cnare each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, selenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof.

19. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:

an anode;

a cathode; and

an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,

wherein the organic layer comprises the compound

comprising a ligand L_A, wherein the ligand L_Acomprises a structure of

wherein:

moiety B₁is a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;

X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N;

the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two;

Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′;

Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of N, C, CR′, B, BR′, and SiR′;

R^A, R^B, and R^B1each independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;

any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, R^B, or R^B1can be joined or fused to form a ring,

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to metal M through the dash lines; and

wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.

20. A chemical structure comprising a compound or a monovalent or polyvalent variant thereof; wherein the compound comprises a ligand L_A, wherein the ligand L_Acomprises a structure of

wherein:

moiety B₁is a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings;

X¹-X⁴are each independently C or N;

the maximum number of N atoms that can connect to each other within a ring is two;

Z is selected from the group consisting of BR and BRR′;

Y^Ais selected from the group consisting of N, C, CR′, B, BR′, and SiR′;

R^A, R^B, and R^B1each independently represent zero, mono, or up to the maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring;

any two adjacent R, R′, R^A, R^B, or R^B1can be joined or fused to form a ring,

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;

wherein the ligand L_Ais coordinated to metal M through the dash lines; and

wherein M can be coordinated to other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.