KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOYOTA CHUO KENKYUSHO

A fuel cell performance estimation device includes (A) a first means configured to sequentially acquire a voltage V[i] and current I[i] of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell at a time[i] and store them in a memory, (B) a second means configured to calculate a catalyst potential V cat [i] of a cathode at the time[i], calculate an effective surface utilization factor θ act [i] of noble metal-based catalyst particles at the time[i] using the V cat [i], and store them in the memory, (C) a third means configured to calculate an electrode catalyst surface area A ECS [i] at the time[i] and an activity SA[i] per surface area of the particles using the V[i], the V cat [i], and/or integration time of power generation, and store them in the memory, and (D) a fourth means configured to calculate an estimated value IV est [i] of IV characteristics using the θ act [i], the A ECS [i] and the SA[i] and store the IV est [i] in the memory.

A battery management device according to the present disclosure includes a high-frequency signal supplying unit applying a high-frequency signal with a frequency of 0.1 MHz or higher to a lithium-ion secondary battery, a storage unit storing a real part of alternating current impedance of the lithium-ion secondary battery to which the high frequency signal is applied at a first point in time, as a reference value for each battery temperature, an impedance detecting unit detecting the real part of the alternating current impedance of the lithium ion secondary battery to which the high frequency signal is applied at a second point in time after the first point in time, at a certain battery temperature, and a determining unit determining whether there is deposition of lithium in the lithium ion secondary battery, based on the real part of the alternating current impedance detected and the reference value at the battery temperature.

A detection device according to the present disclosure is a detection device for detecting a status of a lithium-ion secondary battery, the detection device including a control module that acquires real part of AC impedance at a frequency at which the real part of the AC impedance is increased 10 times or more than the real part of the AC impedance at 1 KHz due to a skin effect, and that detects deposition of lithium and/or the presence of foreign metal inside the lithium-ion secondary battery by using the acquired real part of the AC impedance.

A metal joined body has an iron base body and an aluminum base body that are joined together via a joint layer. The joint layer has a first layer composed of a first intermetallic compound formed on the iron base body side and a second layer composed of a second intermetallic compound formed on the aluminum base body side. The first layer has one or more first protrusions that merge integrally into the iron base body and extend in a pile shape into the first intermetallic compound. The second layer may have one or more second protrusions that are composed of a second intermetallic compound and extend in a columnar shape into the aluminum base body. The first intermetallic compound may contain Al 5 Fe 2 , and the second intermetallic compound may contain Al 3 Fe. The total thickness of the first layer and the second layer is, for example, 2 to 15 μm.

Provided is a heat-resistant three-way catalyst having a catalyst performance and an OSC performance in a compatible manner, and a method for manufacturing the same. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a three-way catalyst and a method for manufacturing the same. The three-way catalyst includes a noble metal, an OSC material, and an oxide solid solution comprising barium and zirconium. The noble metal is supported on the OSC material. A mole ratio of barium to zirconium (Ba:Zr) in the oxide solid solution is in a range of 20:80 to 49:51. A content of barium carbonate and barium oxide in the oxide solid solution is 2 weight % or less.

A structure body includes a free-standing structure including a fibrous member and/or a shell. The fibrous member and/or a shell are each a layered body formed of at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one dielectric layer. The light-absorbing layer includes a light-absorbing material that has an absorption in a visible light region, and the dielectric layer includes a dielectric material. The fibrous member and/or the shell have a three-dimensionally continuous configuration.

A physical quantity detection device may comprise: a sensor element including an emission center; an excitation light pulse generator configured to generate excitation light and irradiate the excitation light to the sensor element; a high frequency pulse generator configured to generate a high frequency pulse for controlling a spin qubit of the emission center and irradiate the high frequency pulse to the sensor element; and a light detector configured to detect light emission from the emission center. The emission center may have two spin qubits that differ from each other. The two spin qubits may be equivalent to each other and may have different levels from each other. The high frequency pulse generator may generate the high frequency pulse in which two different frequencies are superimposed and may irradiate the high frequency pulse to the sensor element to simultaneously perform control on the two spin qubits.

A battery management device according to the present disclosure includes: a high-frequency signal supply unit that supplies a high-frequency signal having 0.1 MHz or higher, to a lithium-ion secondary battery; an impedance detection unit that detects a value of a real part of an alternating-current impedance, from the lithium-ion secondary battery to which the high-frequency signal is supplied; a calculation unit that calculates a Li deposition amount in the lithium-ion secondary battery, from the detected value of the real part of the alternating-current impedance; and a control unit that decreases an allowable charging power for the lithium-ion secondary battery as the calculated Li deposition amount is larger.

A heat-resistant member comprises: a substrate made of isotropic graphite; a single-layered dense low-emissivity layer covering part of surfaces of the substrate; and a single-layered or multi-layered dense high-emissivity layer covering all or part of the remaining surfaces of the substrate. The dense low-emissivity layer has an outermost surface with an emissivity of ε A , and has a relative density of 97% or more. The dense high-emissivity layer has an outermost surface with an emissivity of ε B (>ε A ), and has a high-density region with a relative density of 97% or more in any portion between the outermost surface and the interface with the substrate. Preferably, an emissivity difference (ε B −ε A ) is 0.1 or more.

A manufacturing method can obtain Al-based particles. A particle-dispersed molten salt (an example of an Al base material), in which Al-based particles (liquid phase) are dispersed in molten salt, can be obtained by bringing Al-based foil into contact with molten salt. Through particle-dispersed molten salt, for example, Al-based powder (an example of Al base material) composed of Al-based particles (solid phase) can be efficiently or easily obtained. By classifying Al-based particle groups, Al-based powder with a desired particle size distribution can be obtained. The Al-based foil has a thickness of, for example, at most 0.5 mm, and even 0.1 mm. The Al-based foil is supplied to molten salt in the form of shredded foil pieces. This allows Al-based powder to be obtained with a particle size distribution including fine particles. It is preferred to use, for example, a mixed salt containing NaCl and KCl as molten salt.