King Abdulaziz University

A method of intranasal drug delivery including administering a multi-compartment nanoemulsion to a nasal cavity of a subject in need thereof, where the multi-compartment nanoemulsion includes a water-in-oil core emulsion having an oil phase encompassing a first aqueous phase, the oil phase comprising a first surfactant and a fatty acid and the first aqueous phase comprising levetiracetam and valproic acid dissolved therein. The multi-compartment nanoemulsion further includes a second aqueous phase encompassing the water-in-oil core emulsion, the second aqueous phase comprising a second surfactant and a co-surfactant in a ratio of the second surfactant to the co-surfactant of 1:4 to 4:1. The multi-compartment nanoemulsion has an average droplet size of less than 100 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.1 to 0.2.

An electrochemical sensor for detecting clozapine in an analyte sample. A method of making the electrochemical sensor and a method of detecting clozapine using the electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor includes a housing, a working electrode with a gold-coated microchip, a CYZ nanostructure layer, a sensing window, and a platinum counter electrode. The CYZ nanostructure layer is composed of cuprous oxide, yttrium oxide, and zinc oxide, and is disposed on the gold-coated microchip using a transparent conductive binder. The electrochemical sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.04 nanomoles and a linear dynamic range of 1.0 nanomoles to 1.0 micromoles. The composition and structure of the electrochemical sensor provide accurate and rapid detection of clozapine in various sample matrices, including biological fluids and pharmaceutical products, enabling the electrochemical sensor to be implemented for therapeutic drug monitoring and quality control in clozapine-based treatments.

A method for treating a breast cancer includes assaying a breast tumor sample from the subject for gene expression levels of a diagnostic gene set including at least two genes selected from the group consisting of CDCA7, HORMAD1, AR, MLPH, TFF3, AGR2, ATL2, ACOX2, REEP6, CAPN8, FOXA1, CT83, ART3, PPP1R14C, and PRR15, and a prognostic gene set including at least two genes selected from the group consisting of CDCA7, ATL2, REEP6, CAMK2N1, REEP1, GABBR1, IL12RB2, ARNTL2, AZGP1, and FBP1. The method includes selecting a treatment option which is least one selected from the group including surgery and an anticancer agent based on the gene expression levels. The method further includes treating the patient with the treatment option.

A method of treating colon cancer includes contacting the peptide chicken β-defensin-2 (AvBD-2) with a sample to treat colon cancer. The peptide inhibits the growth of cancer cells by downregulating PI3K and Akt1 signaling pathways.

A method of making an array of vertically-aligned CNT bundles includes dispersing iron oxide nanoparticles in a solvent to form a suspension. The method further includes dipping a TiN-coated substrate in the suspension and removing to form a suspension-coated substrate. The method also involves drying the suspension-coated substrate by evaporating the solvent from the suspension-coated substrate to form a first sample. Furthermore, the method includes treating the first sample by microwave plasma under hydrogen flow at 500 degrees centigrade (° C.) to 700° C. to form a pre-treated sample followed by treating the pre-treated sample by microwave plasma under methane flow at 500° C. to 700° C. to form the vertically-aligned carbon nanotube bundles.

A multi-well plate includes a base and a lid. The base includes multiple wells arranged in a rectangular array, each well having a cylindrical shape with a circular opening on a top end of the well. A perimeter wall is arranged about a periphery of the rectangular array and includes a stacked edge arranged about an entirety of the perimeter wall. A gasket is attached to the perimeter wall at a notch on the stacked edge of the perimeter wall. The lid includes multiple circular structure axially aligned with the plurality of wells of the base. Each circular structure includes a concentric circular aperture and an injection port disposed at a center of each concentric circular aperture on each of the plurality of circular structures. Each injection port includes a sealing septum, where the lid rests on the gasket.

Provided herein are methods of producing immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies against monkeypox virus. The method includes immunizing hens with a peptide encoding at least one immunogenic domain of A29 fusion protein from the monkeypox virus and isolating the IgY antibodies against the A29 fusion protein from yolks of eggs laid by the immunized hens. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the IgY antibodies and methods of inhibiting or treating monkeypox virus infection are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to methods for treating cancer/inhibiting tumor growth in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of Glatiramer acetate (GA) and an effective amount of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

A working electrode includes an outer layer including carbonized date palm frond carbon nanoparticles having a particle size of less than 100 nanometers (nm), single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and a polyvinylidene fluoride binder. The working electrode further includes a graphite substrate on which the outer layer is disposed. The I D /I G ratio of the electrode measured in the Raman spectrum is 2.0 or greater.

A compound, having a following general formula (I): a salt thereof, a solvate thereof, a tautomer thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, where R 1 is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted arylalkyl, and an optionally substituted aryl, and R 2 is an optionally substituted heterocycle.