KNOW Bio, LLC

Modulation of foreign body responses in living tissue, and more particularly, devices and related methods for light-based modulation of foreign body responses in living tissue are disclosed. Light sources are disclosed that provide light with characteristics for modulation of foreign body responses that may be elicited by percutaneous and/or subcutaneous devices, including medical devices and other consumer electronic devices. Light delivery structures are disclosed that propagate light from the light sources to irradiate associated subcutaneous tissues. Modulation of foreign body responses may include inhibiting collagen and fibrous tissue generation, modulating inflammation and healing, and/or increasing nitric oxide production and/or release. By modulating foreign body responses associated with percutaneous and/or subcutaneous devices, performance characteristics and lifetimes of such devices may be improved.

Modulated light therapy devices for treatment of dermatological disorders of the scalp are provided. An exemplary device includes a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) supporting at least one light emitting device having an emitter height. The FPCB includes multiple interconnected panels and bending regions defined in and between at least some of the interconnected panels as to allow the FPCB to be configured in a concave shape to cover at least a portion of a cranial vertex of the patient. At least one light-transmissive layer proximate to the FPCB is configured to transmit (e.g., incoherent) light emissions generated by at least one light emitting device. At least one standoff is configured to be arranged between the FPCB and the scalp of the patient, wherein the at least one standoff includes a standoff height that exceeds the emitter height.

Illumination devices for directing light on tissue to induce one or more biological effects, and more particularly activation structures in phototherapeutic illumination devices. Activation structures are integrated within phototherapeutic illumination devices and are configured to avoid electrical activation during shipping and/or between uses. Exemplary activation structures include various integrated sensors, such as accelerometers and proximity sensors. Signals from accelerometers may be used to trigger illumination devices to respond to subsequent signals from proximity sensors for beginning treatment. Accelerometers may be inactive or ignored during shipping until initial device charging.

Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Illumination devices for directing light on tissue to induce one or more biological effects and more particularly phototherapeutic illumination devices with data capturing capabilities are disclosed. Illumination devices for phototherapy include integrated data capturing capabilities while also being capable of delivering phototherapeutic treatments to the scalp. Data capturing capabilities include imaging capabilities where one or more integrated cameras within an illumination device are capable of capturing images of the scalp before, during, and/or after phototherapy. In certain embodiments, data capturing capabilities include the ability to map larger regions of the scalp or the entire scalp. Related systems are disclosed capable of accessing captured data from illumination devices, identifying and characterizing one or more features in the data, such as hair, hair density, and hair follicles, as well as other conditions of the hair and/or scalp.

Provided herein are formulations designed for administration by inhalation, including aqueous based compositions and dry powder compositions. The compositions described herein comprise a nitric oxide (NO) releasing compound, along with one or more additional agents, additives, and/or carriers. The compositions described herein exhibit a heat of decomposition of no greater than 300 J/g. Also described herein are methods of treating respiratory diseases in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition described herein.

Illumination devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body cavity of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, increasing endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Illumination devices may be configured to communicate with networks and/or servers to provide control and/or management of phototherapy treatments.

Systems and methods for phototherapeutic modulation of nitric oxide in mammalian tissue include use of a first wavelength and first radiant flux of light to stimulate enzymatic generation of nitric oxide, and use of a second wavelength and second radiant flux of light to stimulate release of nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide. Pulsed light and/or partially non-overlapping light impingement windows may be used. Non-coherent light impinged on tissue may include a peak wavelength in a range of from 410 nm to 440 nm in the absence of light emissions having a peak wavelength of from 600 nm to 900 nm.

Modulated light therapy devices for treatment of dermatological disorders of the scalp are provided. An exemplary device includes a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) supporting at least one light emitting device having an emitter height. The FPCB includes multiple interconnected panels and bending regions defined in and between at least some of the interconnected panels as to allow the FPCB to be configured in a concave shape to cover at least a portion of a cranial vertex of the patient. At least one light-transmissive layer proximate to the FPCB is configured to transmit (e.g., incoherent) light emissions generated by at least one light emitting device. At least one standoff is configured to be arranged between the FPCB and the scalp of the patient, wherein the at least one standoff includes a standoff height that exceeds the emitter height.

Provided herein is a composition including a buffering agent (e.g., a phosphate buffering agent) and an aqueous carrier, wherein the pH of the composition is maintained in a range of from 5.5 to 8.5, with a buffering strength of from 0.1 to 2.0 molar equivalents, and the osmolality of the composition is from 270 mOsm/kg to 1300 mOsm/kg. The buffering agent can further include an active pharmaceutical ingredient, such as a mucolytic agent, an antibiotic, an antiviral, a corticosteroid, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), an antifungal, or a nitric oxide releasing compound. Further described herein is a method for treating a respiratory disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition as described herein.