Utah State University

The present disclosure includes a method for calibrating a mercury detection system. The method introducing a gas into a chamber. The gas passes a container within the chamber to form a mixture of mercury from the container and gas. The method includes carrying the mixture of gas and mercury out of the chamber via an input line. The method includes pulling a portion of the mixture out of the input line. The method includes measuring a flow rate of a remaining portion of the mixture in the input line and introducing the remaining portion into an analyzer via an outlet line.

Examples of the present disclosure include an apparatus. The apparatus includes a first elongated member and a tool coupled to an end of the first elongated member. The apparatus includes a spring. The spring includes a first spring end coupled to the first elongated member and a second spring end opposite to the first spring end. The apparatus includes a second elongated member coupled to the second spring end such that the second elongated member moving toward the first elongated member causes elastic deformation of the spring.

A method for quantifying crop yield includes detecting, via a sensor, a first removal event that includes a removal of a first container from a vehicle. The method includes detecting, via the sensor, a second removal event that includes a removal of a second container from the vehicle. The method includes determining a first location of the vehicle at the first removal event and determining a second location of the vehicle at the second removal event. The method includes determining a distance between the first location and the second location to determine a travel distance of the vehicle. The method includes determining a crop yield level based at least in part on the travel distance of the vehicle. The method includes generating, based on the travel distance, a yield map that includes a visual representation of the geographic area. The visual representation includes an indicator of the crop yield level.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to two-dimensional electronic apparatuses and methods of use. A two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) apparatus includes an amplifier including a laser source. A broadband optical parametric amplifier (BOPA) is optically coupled to the amplifier. The BOPA includes a two-stage amplifier. An etalon is optically coupled to the amplifier. The etalon includes two or more partially reflective substrate optical flats. A noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) is optically coupled to the amplifier. A dispersive filter pulse shaper is optically coupled to the NOPA. A synchronizer including a galvanometer mirror is optically coupled to the BOPA, the etalon, and the dispersive filter pulse shaper. A detector is optically coupled to the synchronizer.

A reconfigurable antenna array includes a plurality of emitting antennas, a plurality of drive inputs corresponding to respective emitting antennas of the plurality of emitting antennas and configured to receive drive signals for the respective emitting antennas, a plurality of controllable components that are controllable to perform space-wave phase shifting on radiation emitted by the plurality of emitting antennas, and a plurality of control inputs corresponding to the plurality of controllable components, the plurality of control inputs arranged to receive control signals for the plurality of controllable components. Control circuitry has outputs coupled to the plurality of control inputs is configured to deliver the control signals to the plurality of controllable components to cause the plurality of controllable components to space-wave phase shift the radiation emitted by the plurality of emitting antennas, causing the reconfigurable antenna array to emit a beam having an intensity peak in a target direction.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of compositions utilized for detecting short-wave infrared (SWIR) light, to devices including the compositions, and to photodetectors including the compositions. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to processes for forming the compositions, the devices, and the photodetectors. In an aspect is provided a composition that includes a nitrogen-containing compound and an all-inorganic perovskite. In an aspect, a process for forming a SWIR device is provided. The process includes forming a precursor solution comprising: a first compound (AX), a second compound, a nitrogen-containing compound or ion thereof, and a solvent. The process further includes dispersing the precursor solution on a substrate, annealing the dispersed precursor solution on the substrate by heating to form a film composition comprising: the nitrogen-containing compound or ion thereof; and an all-inorganic perovskite represented by Formula (I): ABX 3 (I).

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of compositions utilized for detecting short-wave infrared (SWIR) light, to devices including the compositions, and to photodetectors including the compositions. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to processes for forming the compositions, the devices, and the photodetectors. In an aspect, a process for forming a SWIR device is provided. The process includes forming a precursor solution comprising: a first compound (AX), a second compound (BX), a third compound (CX 3 ), a nitrogen-containing compound, and a solvent. The process further includes: dispersing the precursor solution on a substrate surface of a substrate and annealing the dispersed precursor solution on the substrate at an annealing temperature that is from about 100° C. to about 300° C. to form a film composition comprising: the nitrogen-containing compound or ion thereof; and a lead-free double perovskite represented by Formula (I): A 2 BCX 6 (I).

Technology is disclosed for systems, devices, and methods relating to vehicle positioning. A system for vehicle positioning can comprise a passive resonator configured to be embedded in a roadway, and at least one antenna configured to be attached to a vehicle. The at least one antenna can be configured to transmit a first signal to the passive resonator and receive a second signal from the passive resonator at a harmonic frequency of the first signal. Diodes are used to stimulate a resonant circuit to create the second signal. The passive resonator can be configured to receive the first signal from the at least one antenna and transmit a second signal to the at least one antenna. The system can further comprise a processor configured to: calculate a relative position between the vehicle and the passive resonator based on a phase difference observed between the first signal and a reference signal.

An electrochemical water purifier can include a water flow channel that includes a flow path for water to be treated. An electrochemical cell can be in the water flow channel. The electrochemical cell can include a first porous electrode that includes metal-containing particles. The metal-containing particles can include iron, zinc, nickel, or a combination thereof. The electrochemical cell can also include a second porous electrode that includes carbon-containing particles. The flow path can extend through the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode. A voltage source can be electrically connected to apply a voltage across the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode.

A nanoscale, metal-doped carbonaceous material and method of using such material to break down poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The material can include a carbonaceous particulate matrix made of a carbon substrate, an oxidative metal, and a reductive metal. The method of breaking down. The method involves adsorbing PFAS with a metal-doped carbonaceous material, where the metal-doped carbonaceous material can be made of a carbon substrate, an oxidative metal, and a reductive metal, and degrading and reducing the PFAS.