V-NOVA INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

A reference image ( 1002 ) and a target image ( 1004 ) are obtained. At least part of the reference image ( 1002 ) is processed to generate a processed reference image ( 1016 ). A residual frame ( 1020 ) is generated. The residual frame ( 1020 ) is indicative of differences between values of elements of the at least part of the reference image ( 1002 ) and values of corresponding elements of the processed reference image ( 1016 ). A difference frame ( 1024 ) is generated as a difference between: (i) values of elements of at least part of the target image ( 10004 ) or of an image derived based on at least part of the target image ( 1004 ); and (ii) values of elements of the at least part of the reference image ( 1002 ) or of an image derived based on the at least part of the reference image ( 1002 ). The following are output, to be encoded: (i) the residual frame ( 1020 ) or a frame derived based on the residual frame ( 1020 ); and (ii) the difference frame ( 1024 ) or a frame derived based on the difference frame ( 1024 ).

There is described an artificial intelligence, AI, model arranged to receive a set of image data associated with an encoded image, the image being encoded using a codec that provides a base image and one or more enhancement layers so as to enable the generation of a plurality of versions of the image, wherein each version of the image has a different level of quality, the set of image data comprising: a thumbnail tile that provides a version of the image with a first level of quality; and one or more image tiles that provide a version of one or more regions of the image with a second level of quality.

There may be provided a method of decoding a received set of encoded data representing information that has been compressed, the method comprising: obtaining, a set of attribute indicators from the data set, each indicator of the set of indicators is associated with a subset of the data set; and, decoding a plurality of subsets of the data set, comprising: retrieving decoding parameters for each subset according to the attribute indicator associated with each subset; and, decoding each subset according to the retrieved decoding parameters for each subset.

There may be provided a method of decoding a received set of encoded data, the method comprising: receiving the encoded data set representing information that has been compressed; identifying from the encoded data set an ordered set of interspersed node symbols and data symbols; processing an ordered tree having a predetermined number of layers from the ordered set of identified node symbols and data symbols, wherein each node symbol comprises a set of indicator elements which indicate if a further symbol is expected later in the dataset for a branch in the tree, such that the ordered set of identified node symbols determine the tree and such that data symbols are arranged in data locations in the tree based on the indicator elements, and wherein each data symbol represents one or more values associated with the information that has been compressed; and, reconstructing the information that has been compressed using the values represented by the data symbols based on location of the data symbols in the ordered tree and using a predetermined value when the node symbols indicate that no data symbol is included in the data set corresponding to a location in the ordered tree.

A method and system for decoding a multi-layer video stream are described. The multi-layer video stream has at least a first and second layer. The method includes obtaining second-layer decoded data for the multi-layer video stream using a second decoding method, where the second-layer decoded data is indexed using a timestamp, receiving a call-back indicating an availability of first-layer decoded data for a frame of the first layer of the multi-layer video stream from a first decoding method, obtaining timing metadata for the first-layer decoded data, comparing the timing metadata with one or more timestamps for the second-layer decoded data to pair the first-layer decoded data for the frame with second-layer decoded data for the frame, and combining the first-layer decoded data for the frame and the paired second-layer decoded data to output a reconstruction of the frame of the video signal.

Techniques for securely decoding video streams are disclosed. A secure execution space is established within a device to manage decryption, decoding, and enhancement operations without exposing protected content to non-secure components. Encrypted base video data is decrypted and decoded on protected resources, while enhancement data is decoded by an enhancement decoder. The decoded enhancement data is combined with the base decoded signal within the secure environment to produce a final enhanced output. The approach provides efficient enhancement decoding and secure playback of premium content across a range of devices and platforms.

A decoder ( 400 ) configured to receive a first output video and one or more further encoded streams ( 416, 428 ), decode respective frames of the one or more further encoded streams to derive respective sets of residuals; and combine ( 470 ) the sets of residuals with the first output video to generate a reconstructed output video ( 448 ). Each frame is divided into a plurality of tiles and each tile is divided into a plurality of blocks. To decode respective frames, the decoder is configured to obtain ( 440, 446 ) a preliminary set of residuals from the one or more further encoded streams, derive a set of temporal predictions using a temporal buffer ( 432 ), and combine ( 468 ) the set of temporal predictions with the preliminary set of residuals. The decoder is configured to provide for zeroing of values of the set of temporal predictions at a frame level, at a tile level and at a block level.

There may be provided a method of decoding a received set of encoded data representing information that has been compressed, wherein the encoded data set is divided into a hierarchy of subsets, the method comprising: decoding at least one first subset to derive a respective set of attribute metadata elements; separately decoding a plurality of second subsets comprising data elements, wherein each second subset describes a region of the information that has been compressed; and, reconstructing the information that has been compressed from the data elements, wherein the region of the information that has been compressed is identified from the attribute metadata elements.

According to an aspect of the invention there may be provided a method of decoding a bitstream, the method comprising: receiving a Supplemental 5 Enhancement Information (SEI) message; parsing the SEI message to obtain an encoded bitstream, said encoded bitstream containing encoded information which is associated with information of an original signal; and, decoding said encoded bitstream to obtain decoded information which is used to reconstruct the original signal. A method of decoding is also provided as well as 10 apparatuses and a computer readable medium.

The present disclosure relates to a method of analysing a plurality of video camera feeds, the method comprising: encoding, at a first location, the plurality of video camera feeds using a layer-based encoding, including generating encoded data streams for each of a plurality of layers within the layer-based encoding, wherein different layers in the plurality of layers correspond to different spatial resolutions, higher layers representing higher spatial resolutions; transmitting, to a second location remote from the first location, encoded data streams for one or more lowest layers for the plurality of video camera feeds; decoding, at the second location, the encoded data streams to generate a set of reconstructions of the plurality of video camera feeds at a first spatial resolution; applying one or more video analysis functions to the set of reconstructions to identify one or more video camera feeds for further analysis; sending, to the first location for the identified one or more video camera feeds for further analysis, a request for further encoded data streams for one or more layers above the one or more lowest layers; responsive to the request, transmitting, to the second location, the further encoded data streams for one or more layers above the one or more lowest layers; decoding, at the second location, the further encoded data streams to generate a set of reconstructions for the identified one or more video camera feeds at a second spatial resolution; and applying one or more video analysis functions to the set of reconstructions at the second spatial resolution.