Natural Extraction Systems, LLC

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to (1) methods to perform a ring contraction in the gas phase, (2) compositions obtainable by such methods, and (3) reaction vessels that contain compositions that comprise either a reactant or a product of the ring contraction.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a gas phase and a condensed phase, wherein the gas phase comprises a molecule; the condensed phase comprises the molecule; the gas phase has a temperature and a pressure; the molecule has a boiling point at the pressure of the gas phase; the boiling point of the molecule is less than the temperature of the gas phase; the molecule has a vapor pressure at the temperature of the gas phase; the vapor pressure of the molecule is less than the pressure of the gas phase; the condensed phase consists of one or both of a solid phase and a liquid phase; the condensed phase is suspended in the gas phase; and the condensed phase has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of at least 500 per meter.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to the discovery that converting a solid or a liquid into an aerosol allows the distillation of molecules from the aerosol in seconds at temperatures that are significantly less than the boiling points of the molecules. Various aspects of this disclosure relate to the discovery that mute plants can be extracted at both ambient temperatures and temperatures significantly less than the boiling points of the volatile molecules of the mute plants by capturing the volatile molecules in a solvent such as ethanol.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that comprises a plurality of cations, an anion, a molecule, a base, and a solvent, wherein the plurality of cations, the anion, the molecule, and the base are solutes that are dissolved in the solvent; each cation of the plurality of cations is a metal cation or an ammonium cation; the molecule is a cannabinoid; the solvent is not water; the solvent has a solubility in water at 37 degrees Celsius of at least 25 grams per liter; each cation of the plurality of cations has a net charge of 1, 2, or 3; the anion has a net charge of −1; the molecule lacks a net charge; the base has a net charge of −1; the composition has a molar concentration for the anion, the molecule, the base, and each cation of the plurality of cations; the composition has an equivalent concentration for each cation of the plurality of cations, which is equal to the molar concentration of a cation multiplied by the net charge of the same cation; the composition has a combined equivalent concentration of the plurality of cations, which is equal to the sum of the equivalent concentrations of the cations of the plurality of cations; the combined equivalent concentration is no less than the molar concentration of the anion; the combined equivalent concentration is greater than the molar concentration of the base; the molar concentration of the anion is greater than the molar concentration of the molecule; the molar concentration of the solvent is at least 100 times greater than the molar concentration of the base; the liquid phase comprises the solvent at a greater concentration by mass than any other chemical species that is present in the liquid phase; the molecule has an acid dissociation constant in water of at least 50 femtomolar and no greater than 50 nanomolar for conversion of the molecule into the anion; the solvent has an acid dissociation constant in water of at least 50 attomolar for conversion of the solvent into the base; the acid dissociation constant of the molecule is at least 10 times greater than the acid dissociation constant of the solvent; the molecule has an octanol-water partition coefficient at 37 degrees Celsius that is greater than 1; the molecule has a solubility in water, which is the maximum thermodynamically-stable molar concentration of the molecule that can be dissolved in distilled water as a solute that is solvated by water at atmospheric pressure and 21 degrees Celsius; and the molar concentration of the anion is greater than the solubility of the molecule in water. In some embodiments, the composition is effective to inhibit TNF-alpha mediated signaling pathways in a human.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to gas phase methods to decarboxylate cannabinoid carboxylic acids.

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to methods and systems for extracting plant oil from plant material. A system may comprise a microwave emitter, an extraction chamber, and a cooling chamber. Microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter may dielectrically heat a microwave absorbing agent, which may heat the plant oil of the plant material. Plant oil of the plant material may be volatized in the extraction chamber and may be directed into the cooling chamber to be condensed.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that consists of chemical species that comprise tetrahydrocannabinol, one or more flavyliums, and a solvent, wherein each chemical species of the liquid phase has a concentration in the liquid phase; the tetrahydrocannabinol is dissolved in the liquid phase at a concentration of at least 0.1 percent and no greater than 8 percent by mass; each flavylium of the one or more flavyliums is a substituted 2-phenylchromenylium that consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the solvent is miscible with water; and the liquid phase comprises the solvent at a greater concentration by mass than any other chemical species of the liquid phase.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that consists of chemical species that comprise tetrahydrocannabinol, one or more flavyliums, and a solvent, wherein each chemical species of the liquid phase has a concentration in the liquid phase; the tetrahydrocannabinol is dissolved in the liquid phase at a concentration of at least 0.1 percent and no greater than 8 percent by mass; each flavylium of the one or more flavyliums is a substituted 2-phenylchromenylium that consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the solvent is miscible with water; and the liquid phase comprises the solvent at a greater concentration by mass than any other chemical species of the liquid phase.

Various aspects of this patent document relate to a method to extract an oil from a plant material using an apparatus by first exposing the plant material to a heated gas stream at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the oil from the plant material, and then rapidly cooling the gas stream to liquefy the oil.

Various aspects of this patent document relate to the rapid purification of cannabinoids by vaporization and condensation.